@prefix : . @prefix owl: . @prefix rdf: . @prefix xml: . @prefix xsd: . @prefix rdfs: . @base . rdf:type owl:Ontology ; owl:versionIRI ; owl:imports , ; "knowledge representation in sol-gel materials synthesis, characterisation, and material properties" ; "https://www.isibang.ac.in/ns/mod/index.html#Protege" ; "Gelmat is an ontology for sol-gel materials. It extends the Polymat domain ontology with classes for sol-gel synthesis processes, gel characterisation methods, drying routes, laboratory equipment, process parameters, and material properties. It enables semantic description and formal documentation of sol-gel and aerogel research workflows, covering silica, organosilica, organic, carbon, and composite sol-gel derived materials." ; "Antoni Dudij, Institute for Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany" , "Barbara Milow (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-7728), Institute for Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany" , "Prakul Pandit (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1343-3046), Institute for Frontier Materials on Earth and in Space, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany" ; "Pandit, P., Dudij, A., & Milow, B. (2026). Gelmat: An Ontology for Sol-Gel Materials (Version 1.1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22915205" ; "2026-03-12"^^xsd:date ; ; "2026-09-14"^^xsd:date ; "Gelmat: An Ontology for Sol-Gel Materials" ; "gmat" ; "https://w3id.org/gelmat/" ; rdfs:comment "Gelmat is an ontology for sol-gel materials. It extends the Polymat ontology (Dembska, Held, Schindler; DLR/Hereon) with classes for sol-gel synthesis routes, gel types, surface modification, drying methods, characterisation methods, process parameters, and material properties. Covers all major sol-gel derived material classes including silica, organosilica, organic, carbon, and composite aerogels." ; rdfs:label "Gelmat" ; owl:versionInfo "1.1.0" . ################################################################# # Annotation properties ################################################################# ### http://omv.ontoware.org/2005/05/ontology#designedForOntologyTask rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://omv.ontoware.org/2005/05/ontology#usedOntologyEngineeringTool rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/author rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/created rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/license rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/dc/terms/title rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment rdfs:comment rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#closeMatch rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#relatedMatch rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCanonicalUnit :hasCanonicalUnit rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "has canonical unit"@en ; "Links a quantity class to the canonical (recommended) OM-2 unit of measure in which instances of that quantity are conventionally expressed. Machine-readable counterpart to the unit named in the class definition."@en ; rdfs:range . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasStepOrder :hasStepOrder rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty ; rdfs:label "has step order"@en ; "An integer indicating the canonical execution order of a sub-process within a synthesis workflow (1 = first step). Used to provide SPARQL-queryable ordering of BFO parthood sub-steps that are otherwise unordered."@en ; rdfs:range xsd:positiveInteger . ################################################################# # Datatypes ################################################################# ### http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date xsd:date rdf:type rdfs:Datatype . ################################################################# # Object Properties ################################################################# ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:comment "Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other."@en , "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en , """Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'."""@en , "a core relation that holds between a part and its whole"@en , "my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en , "my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)"@en , "this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)"@en ; rdfs:label "part of"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:TransitiveProperty ; rdfs:comment "Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part."@en , "Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/"@en , """Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'."""@en , "a core relation that holds between a whole and its part"@en , "my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)"@en , "my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)"@en , "this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)"@en ; rdfs:label "has part"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:comment "a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; rdfs:label "characteristic of"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000053 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "inverse of characteristic_of (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000052)"@en ; rdfs:label "has characteristic"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000056 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process"@en ; rdfs:label "participates in"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000057 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process"@en ; rdfs:label "has participant"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000081 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:comment "a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; rdfs:label "role of"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0000087 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence"@en ; rdfs:label "has role"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001015 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:comment "a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location"@en ; rdfs:label "location of"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001018 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """The relation between a physical content and its container. A material entity B is contained in a material entity A if B is located in some cavity of A. (inverse of http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/property#AFX_0001048)"""@en ; rdfs:label "contained in"@en ; owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001019 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """The relation between a container and its physical content. A material entity a contains a material entity b if b is located in some cavity of a. (http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/property#AFX_0001048)"""@en ; rdfs:label "contains"@en ; owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0001025 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain , [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:range , [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:complementOf ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ; rdfs:comment "a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location"@en ; rdfs:label "located in"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:comment """p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233) a relation between a process and an entity, where the entity is present at the beginning of the process (http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000230)"""@en ; rdfs:label "has input"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:comment """p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234) has output is a relation between an process and an entity, where the entity is present at the end of the process. (http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000229)"""@en ; rdfs:label "has output"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002352 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:comment """c is input of p iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. (inverse of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002233)"""@en ; rdfs:label "input of"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002353 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:comment """c is output of p iff: c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. (inverse of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002234)"""@en ; rdfs:label "output of"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002615 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment """a relation between an entity and its model (an artifact), which purports to represent the entity. (inverse of http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000632)"""@en ; rdfs:label "has model"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0003301 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "a relation between a biological, experimental, or computational artifact and an entity it is used to study, in virtue of its replicating or approximating features of the studied entity"@en ; rdfs:label "has role in modeling"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0004017 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:comment """realizable B has basis in A, if B could not exist without the existence of A. inverse of \"is basis for realizable\"."""@en ; rdfs:label "realizable has basis in"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0004018 rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:comment "A is basis for realizable B, if B could not exist without the existence of A."@en ; rdfs:label "is basis for realizable"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/hasUnit rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty , owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "has unit"@en , "単位を持つ"@ja . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/hasValue rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:label "has value"@en , "値を持つ"@ja . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#agent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "The prov:agent property references an prov:Agent which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:AgentInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent."@en , "This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en ; rdfs:label "agent" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#entity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "This property behaves in spirit like rdf:object; it references the object of a prov:wasInfluencedBy triple."@en , "The prov:entity property references an prov:Entity which influenced a resource. This property applies to an prov:EntityInfluence, which is given by a subproperty of prov:qualifiedInfluence from the influenced prov:Entity, prov:Activity or prov:Agent." ; rdfs:label "entity" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#generated rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; owl:inverseOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "prov:generated is one of few inverse property defined, to allow Activity-oriented assertions in addition to Entity-oriented assertions."@en ; rdfs:label "generated" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadRole rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain , [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "prov:hadRole references the Role (i.e. the function of an entity with respect to an activity), in the context of an instantaneous usage, generation, association, start, and end."@en ; rdfs:label "hadRole" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#hadUsage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "hadUsage" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAssociation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:wasAssociatedWith Agent :ag, then it can qualify the Association using prov:qualifiedAssociation [ a prov:Association; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ; rdfs:label "qualifiedAssociation" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedAttribution rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "If this Entity prov:wasAttributedTo Agent :ag, then it can qualify how it was influenced using prov:qualifiedAttribution [ a prov:Attribution; prov:agent :ag; :foo :bar ]."@en ; rdfs:label "qualifiedAttribution" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#qualifiedUsage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf owl:topObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "If this Activity prov:used Entity :e, then it can qualify how it used it using prov:qualifiedUsage [ a prov:Usage; prov:entity :e; :foo :bar ]."@en ; rdfs:label "qualifiedUsage" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#used rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "A prov:Entity that was used by this prov:Activity. For example, :baking prov:used :spoon, :egg, :oven ."@en , "Aerogel synthesis processes use various chemical substances such as precursors, solvents, and catalysts."@en ; rdfs:label "used" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAssociatedWith rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "An prov:Agent that had some (unspecified) responsibility for the occurrence of this prov:Activity."@en ; rdfs:label "wasAssociatedWith" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasAttributedTo rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Attribution is the ascribing of an entity to an agent."@en ; rdfs:label "wasAttributedTo" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "A derivation is a transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity."@en , "The more specific subproperties of prov:wasDerivedFrom (i.e., prov:wasQuotedFrom, prov:wasRevisionOf, prov:hadPrimarySource) should be used when applicable."@en ; rdfs:label "wasDerivedFrom" . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasGeneratedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "wasGeneratedBy" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/generatesIntermediate :generatesIntermediate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Links a process step (creation process or sample preparation step such as solvent exchange) to the intermediate product it generates"@en ; rdfs:label "generates intermediate"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasActivationEnergy :hasActivationEnergy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :ActivationEnergy ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance or process (e.g. gelation kinetics) to an activation energy, expressed as a gmat:ActivationEnergy individual with an om:Measure value in kJ/mol"@en ; rdfs:label "has activation energy"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasApplication :hasApplication rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Application ; rdfs:comment "Relates a material to an application it is intended for or demonstrated in (e.g. thermal insulation, adsorption, drug delivery)"@en ; rdfs:label "has application"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasAtmosphere :hasAtmosphere rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usesSubstance ; rdfs:domain :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a thermal treatment step (pyrolysis, calcination, sintering) to the gas atmosphere in which it is performed, e.g. nitrogen, argon, air, or carbon dioxide"@en ; rdfs:label "has atmosphere"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasBulkDensity :hasBulkDensity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasDensity ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :BulkDensity ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its bulk (envelope) density, expressed as a gmat:BulkDensity individual with an om:Measure value in kg/m3"@en ; rdfs:label "has bulk density"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCompressiveModulus :hasCompressiveModulus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :CompressiveModulus ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its compressive (Young's) modulus, expressed as a gmat:CompressiveModulus individual with om:Measure value in kPa or MPa"@en ; rdfs:label "has compressive modulus"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCompressiveStrength :hasCompressiveStrength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :CompressiveStrength ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its maximum compressive strength, expressed as a gmat:CompressiveStrength individual with om:Measure value in kPa or MPa"@en ; rdfs:label "has compressive strength"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasContactAngle :hasContactAngle rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :ContactAngle ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its water contact angle, expressed as a gmat:ContactAngle individual with om:Measure value in degrees"@en ; rdfs:label "has contact angle"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasCorrelationLength :hasCorrelationLength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :CorrelationLength ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the correlation length (ξ, fractal upper cutoff / cluster size) of its network, expressed as a gmat:CorrelationLength individual with om:Measure value in metres (nm scale)"@en ; rdfs:label "has correlation length"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasDefect :hasDefect rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :Aerogel ; rdfs:range :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "Relates an aerogel material to a structural or quality defect (a persisting defect state) observed in it. Sub-property of obo:RO_0000053 (bearer of), consistent with the other characteristic-linking properties."@en ; rdfs:label "has defect"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasDensity :hasDensity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Density ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its density, expressed as a gmat:Density individual with an om:Measure value in the canonical SI unit kg/m3 (g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 is a common lab convention)"@en ; rdfs:label "has density"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFlexuralModulus :hasFlexuralModulus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :FlexuralModulus ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its flexural (bending) modulus, expressed as a gmat:FlexuralModulus individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ; rdfs:label "has flexural modulus"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFlexuralStrength :hasFlexuralStrength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :FlexuralStrength ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its flexural (bending) strength, expressed as a gmat:FlexuralStrength individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ; rdfs:label "has flexural strength"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFractalDimension :hasFractalDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :FractalDimension ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to a fractal dimension (mass or surface), expressed as a gmat:FractalDimension individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value. Use gmat:hasMassFractalDimension or gmat:hasSurfaceFractalDimension for the specific type"@en ; rdfs:label "has fractal dimension"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGelationRoute :hasGelationRoute rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :AerogelSynthesis ; rdfs:range :GelationPathway ; rdfs:comment "Relates an aerogel synthesis to the mechanistic gelation pathway it follows (e.g. acid-catalysed sol-gel polymerisation, base-catalysed, two-step)"@en ; rdfs:label "has gelation route"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGeometry :hasGeometry rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Geometry ; rdfs:comment "Relates a material entity to a description of its shape or geometric configuration"@en ; rdfs:label "has geometry"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasHeatingRate :hasHeatingRate rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range :HeatingRate ; rdfs:comment "Relates a thermal process step (drying, pyrolysis, temperature ramping) to its heating rate, expressed as a gmat:HeatingRate individual with an om:Measure value in K/min"@en ; rdfs:label "has heating rate"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasIntermediateProduct :hasIntermediateProduct rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :generatesIntermediate ; rdfs:domain :SolFormation ; rdfs:range :Silanol ; rdfs:comment "Relates a sol formation step to the silanol intermediates generated during hydrolysis"@en ; rdfs:label "has intermediate product"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasLinearShrinkage :hasLinearShrinkage rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Shrinkage ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its linear shrinkage during drying, expressed as a gmat:Shrinkage individual with om:Measure value as a percentage"@en ; rdfs:label "has linear shrinkage"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMassFractalDimension :hasMassFractalDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasFractalDimension ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :MassFractalDimension ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its mass fractal dimension (Dm), expressed as a gmat:MassFractalDimension individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value (1-3)"@en ; rdfs:label "has mass fractal dimension"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMassFraction :hasMassFraction rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :MassFraction ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance (e.g. a composite aerogel or a sol) to a mass fraction such as fibre loading, solid content, or silica content, expressed as a gmat:MassFraction individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value (wt% or fraction)"@en ; rdfs:label "has mass fraction"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMatrix :hasMatrix rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :CompositeAerogel ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a composite aerogel to the continuous matrix material (e.g. the silica aerogel phase of a fibre-reinforced composite)"@en ; rdfs:label "has matrix"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMeanPoreSize :hasMeanPoreSize rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :MeanPoreSize ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its mean pore size (BJH), expressed as a gmat:MeanPoreSize individual with om:Measure value in nm"@en ; rdfs:label "has mean pore size"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPHCondition :hasPHCondition rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain :CreationProcess ; rdfs:range :PHCondition ; rdfs:comment "Relates a sol-gel process step (sol formation, gelation, aging) to the pH condition maintained during that step"@en ; rdfs:label "has pH condition"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasParticleSize :hasParticleSize rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :ParticleSize ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the characteristic size of its primary particles, expressed as a gmat:ParticleSize individual with an om:Measure value in nm"@en ; rdfs:label "has particle size"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPoissonRatio :hasPoissonRatio rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :PoissonRatio ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its Poisson ratio, expressed as a gmat:PoissonRatio individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value"@en ; rdfs:label "has Poisson ratio"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPoreSizeDistribution :hasPoreSizeDistribution rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :PoreSizeDistribution ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its pore size distribution, expressed as a gmat:PoreSizeDistribution individual"@en ; rdfs:label "has pore size distribution"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPoreVolume :hasPoreVolume rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :PoreVolume ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its total pore volume, expressed as a gmat:PoreVolume individual with an om:Measure value (typically cm3/g)"@en ; rdfs:label "has pore volume"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPorodExponent :hasPorodExponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :PorodExponent ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the power-law (Porod) exponent of its scattering curve, expressed as a gmat:PorodExponent individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value"@en ; rdfs:label "has Porod exponent"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPorosity :hasPorosity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Porosity ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its porosity, expressed as a gmat:Porosity individual with om:Measure value as a fraction or percentage"@en ; rdfs:label "has porosity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPrecursor :hasPrecursor rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :Gel ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Links an aerogel or gel to its chemical precursor substance"@en ; rdfs:label "has precursor"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPressure :hasPressure rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a process step or substance to a pressure condition (e.g. autoclave pressure during supercritical drying, vacuum level), expressed as an om:Pressure individual with an om:Measure value in Pa or MPa. For process bearers, pmat:isParameterOf from the pressure to the process is the inverse-direction alternative"@en ; rdfs:label "has pressure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasRatioComponent :hasRatioComponent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( :MolarRatio :VolumeRatio ) ] ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Links a volume or molar ratio to the chemical substances it describes the proportion between"@en ; rdfs:label "has ratio component"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasReinforcement :hasReinforcement rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :CompositeAerogel ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a composite aerogel to the reinforcing or filler phase embedded in its matrix (e.g. glass fibre, cellulose fibre, graphene oxide)"@en ; rdfs:label "has reinforcement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSilylationAgent :hasSilylationAgent rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usesSubstance ; rdfs:domain :SurfaceModification ; rdfs:range :SilylationAgent ; rdfs:comment "Relates a surface modification step to the silylating agent applied (e.g. TMCS, HMDS) to render the gel surface hydrophobic before ambient pressure drying"@en ; rdfs:label "has silylation agent"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSkeletalDensity :hasSkeletalDensity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasDensity ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :SkeletalDensity ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its skeletal (helium pycnometry) density, expressed as a gmat:SkeletalDensity individual with an om:Measure value in kg/m3"@en ; rdfs:label "has skeletal density"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSolConcentration :hasSolConcentration rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :SolConcentration ; rdfs:comment "Relates a sol (or a synthesis described through it) to the precursor concentration in the sol, expressed as a gmat:SolConcentration individual with an om:Measure value (mol/L or wt%)"@en ; rdfs:label "has sol concentration"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSpecificHeatCapacity :hasSpecificHeatCapacity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :SpecificHeatCapacity ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its specific heat capacity, expressed as a gmat:SpecificHeatCapacity individual with om:Measure value in J/(kg.K)"@en ; rdfs:label "has specific heat capacity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSurfaceArea :hasSurfaceArea rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :SurfaceArea ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its BET-determined specific surface area, expressed as a gmat:SurfaceArea individual with an om:Measure value in m2/g"@en ; rdfs:label "has surface area"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasSurfaceFractalDimension :hasSurfaceFractalDimension rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasFractalDimension ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :SurfaceFractalDimension ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its surface fractal dimension (Ds), expressed as a gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension individual with a dimensionless om:Measure value (2-3)"@en ; rdfs:label "has surface fractal dimension"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasTensileStrength :hasTensileStrength rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its ultimate tensile strength, expressed as a pmat:UltimateTensileStrength individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ; rdfs:label "has tensile strength"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasThermalConductivity :hasThermalConductivity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :ThermalConductivity ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its thermal conductivity, expressed as a gmat:ThermalConductivity individual with om:Measure value in W/(m.K)"@en ; rdfs:label "has thermal conductivity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasThermalDiffusivity :hasThermalDiffusivity rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :ThermalDiffusivity ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its thermal diffusivity, expressed as a gmat:ThermalDiffusivity individual with om:Measure value in m^2/s"@en ; rdfs:label "has thermal diffusivity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasThermalExpansionCoefficient :hasThermalExpansionCoefficient rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :ThermalExpansionCoefficient ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its linear coefficient of thermal expansion, expressed as a gmat:ThermalExpansionCoefficient individual with om:Measure value in K^-1"@en ; rdfs:label "has thermal expansion coefficient"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasTransmittance :hasTransmittance rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Transmittance ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its optical transmittance, expressed as a gmat:Transmittance individual with om:Measure value as percentage (0-100)"@en ; rdfs:label "has transmittance"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasYoungsModulus :hasYoungsModulus rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :YoungsModulus ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to its Young's (elastic) modulus, expressed as a gmat:YoungsModulus individual with om:Measure value in Pa"@en ; rdfs:label "has Young's modulus"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/isAerogelProductOf :isAerogelProductOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :wasProducedBy ; owl:inverseOf :producesAerogel ; rdfs:domain :Aerogel ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:label "is aerogel product of"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/measuredBy :measuredBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a measured quantity to the characterisation method (analysis) that produced it, e.g. a surface area value measuredBy a BET analysis. Dedicated shortcut for the common query pattern; prov:wasGeneratedBy remains available for full provenance chains"@en ; rdfs:label "measured by"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/producesAerogel :producesAerogel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Aerogel ; rdfs:comment "Relates a drying process to the aerogel material that results from it (covers supercritical, ambient pressure, freeze, and vacuum drying routes)"@en ; rdfs:label "producesAerogel"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/realisedAs :realisedAs rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain :GelationPathway ; rdfs:range :Gelation ; rdfs:comment "Relates a mechanistic GelationPathway (a Feature) to the Gelation process that realises it. For example, a TwoStepAcidBaseCatalysisPathway is realisedAs a TwoStepCatalysis gelation process"@en ; rdfs:label "realised as"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/realizesProtocol :realizesProtocol rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :SynthesisProtocol ; rdfs:comment "Links a concrete executed procedure (an occurrent) to the SynthesisProtocol (plan specification / recipe) it carries out. Separates the executed run from the reusable recipe it follows. Domain is pmat:Procedure rather than BFO process (BFO_0000015) to stay compatible with Polymat's BFO_0000015-to-prov:Activity mapping."@en ; rdfs:label "realizes protocol"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/requiresEquipment :requiresEquipment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a laboratory method or procedure to equipment that is necessary to perform that method"@en ; rdfs:label "requiresEquipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/transformsGel :transformsGel rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :Gel ; rdfs:comment "Relates a sample preparation process (like solvent exchange) to the gel material it transforms"@en ; rdfs:label "transformsGel"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/usesCrosslinker :usesCrosslinker rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usesSubstance ; rdfs:domain :Gelation ; rdfs:range :Crosslinker ; rdfs:comment "Relates gelation process to crosslinking agents used to form network structure"@en ; rdfs:label "usesCrosslinker"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/usesSubstance :usesSubstance rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a process (creation/synthesis step or sample preparation step such as solvent exchange or drying) to chemical substances used as reactants, catalysts, solvents, or exchange media"@en ; rdfs:label "usesSubstance"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/usesSupercriticalFluid :usesSupercriticalFluid rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf :usesSubstance ; rdfs:domain :SupercriticalDrying ; rdfs:range :SupercriticalFluid ; rdfs:comment "Relates supercritical drying process to the supercritical fluid used (typically CO2)"@en ; rdfs:label "usesSupercriticalFluid"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/wasProducedBy :wasProducedBy rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment "Relates a substance to the creation process that produced it"@en ; rdfs:label "wasProducedBy"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/isParameterOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment "Relates a quantity or process feature (temperature, duration, pH) to the process it characterises. Preferred over obo:RO_0000052 when the bearer is a process rather than a material entity. Range is BFO occurrent (BFO_0000003) rather than BFO process (BFO_0000015) because process steps are pmat:Method (under pmat:Procedure, a prov:Entity) while BFO_0000015 maps to prov:Activity, which PROV-O declares disjoint from prov:Entity — a BFO_0000015 range would make every class with an isParameterOf existential unsatisfiable"@en ; rdfs:label "is parameter of"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/usesOperatingSystem rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """uses the low-level software which handles the interface to peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user when no application program is running (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C47908)"""@en ; rdfs:label "uses operating system"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/usesRuntimeEnvironment rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range ; rdfs:comment """uses a sub-system that exists both in the computer where a program is created, as well as in the computers where the program is intended to be run. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_system)"""@en ; rdfs:label "uses runtime environment"@en . ################################################################# # Data properties ################################################################# ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/hasNumericalValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:comment """A numerical value is the size of a particular quantity expressed numerically. (https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?scope=Entries&q=numerical+value)"""@en ; rdfs:label "has numerical value"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasAgingTime :hasAgingTime rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :Aging ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: unit-less float shortcut. Model the aging duration as a gmat:Duration (om:Time) instance linked to the gmat:Aging process with pmat:isParameterOf, carrying an om:Measure (om:hasNumericalValue + om:hasUnit) via om:hasValue. The duration of the aging step after gelation, typically measured in hours"@en ; rdfs:label "has aging time"@en ; owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasExchangeCount :hasExchangeCount rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :SolventExchange ; rdfs:range xsd:integer ; rdfs:comment "Number of individual solvent exchange (washing) cycles performed to replace the pore liquid"@en ; rdfs:label "has exchange count"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasFractalDimensionValue :hasFractalDimensionValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :FractalDimension ; rdfs:range [ rdf:type rdfs:Datatype ; owl:onDatatype xsd:float ; owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:minInclusive "1.0"^^xsd:float ] [ xsd:maxInclusive "3.0"^^xsd:float ] ) ] ; rdfs:comment "The numeric value of the mass fractal dimension of an aerogel network, dimensionless. Typical range for silica aerogels: 1.7-2.4 (from SAXS/SANS)"@en ; rdfs:label "has fractal dimension value"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGelTime :hasGelTime rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :Gel ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: domain error (gel time is a process property, not a material property). Use gmat:hasGelationTimeValue on gmat:Gelation instead. The time duration for sol-gel transition, measured in minutes from when catalysts are mixed until the gel network forms"@en ; rdfs:label "has gel time"@en ; owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasGelationTimeValue :hasGelationTimeValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :Gelation ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: unit-less float shortcut. Model the gel time as a gmat:GelationTime (om:Time) instance linked to the gmat:Gelation process with pmat:isParameterOf, carrying an om:Measure (om:hasNumericalValue + om:hasUnit) via om:hasValue. Observed gel time from initiation of gelation (e.g. mixing of catalyst) to the gel point, typically in minutes"@en ; rdfs:label "has gelation time value"@en ; owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasMolarRatio :hasMolarRatio rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :AerogelSynthesis ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "DEPRECATED: machine-unreadable string representation. Use gmat:MolarRatio class with gmat:hasRatioComponent and gmat:WaterToSilicaRatio instead. The molar ratio of reactants in the synthesis (e.g., 'TEOS:H2O:Catalyst = 1:4:0.01')"@en ; rdfs:label "has molar ratio"@en ; owl:deprecated "true"^^xsd:boolean . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasNetworkConnectivityValue :hasNetworkConnectivityValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :NetworkConnectivity ; rdfs:range xsd:float ; rdfs:comment "Average number of siloxane bonds per network node, as determined by solid-state 29Si NMR (Q2/Q3/Q4 species ratios). Higher values indicate more cross-linked, stiffer networks"@en ; rdfs:label "has network connectivity value"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasPHValue :hasPHValue rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :PHCondition ; rdfs:range [ rdf:type rdfs:Datatype ; owl:onDatatype xsd:float ; owl:withRestrictions ( [ xsd:minInclusive "0.0"^^xsd:float ] [ xsd:maxInclusive "14.0"^^xsd:float ] ) ] ; rdfs:comment "The numeric pH value maintained during a sol-gel process step (typically 1.5-3 for acid catalysis, 7.5-10 for base catalysis). Range restricted to 0.0-14.0"@en ; rdfs:label "has pH value"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/hasRatioString :hasRatioString rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain :RatioValue ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "The display/legacy string representation of a molar or volume ratio between components (e.g. '1:10', '1:10:4:4', or '59.75'). For numeric querying, single-valued ratios additionally carry om:hasNumericalValue (xsd:double) with om:hasUnit om:one, using the convention that a two-part ratio a:b has numerical value a/b. Multi-component ratios (e.g. '1:10:4:4') have no single numerical value and are represented by this string only."@en ; rdfs:label "has ratio string"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasAcronym rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "An acronym is used to represent long complex compounds"@en ; rdfs:label "has acronym"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasCASNr rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number is a unique identifier assigned to every chemical substance to provide a standardised way of referencing and identifying it"@en ; rdfs:label "has CAS nr"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """An Identifier (ID) is one or more characters used to identify, name, or characterize the nature, properties, or contents of a thing. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C25364)"""@en ; rdfs:label "has ID"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasIUPACName rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain [ rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:unionOf ( ) ] ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "IUPAC name is a name of a chemical compound according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature"@en ; rdfs:label "has IUPAC name"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasOrderNumber rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "An order number is a reference number assigned to an experiment when it is submitted for processing."@en ; rdfs:label "has order number"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasPath rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "A path represents the location or address of a file or directory within the file system hierarchy."@en ; rdfs:label "has path"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasProductID rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:subPropertyOf ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment """A product ID is a permanent, unique identifier assigned to a product by its producer. (https://ode.rsl.wustl.edu/mars/pagehelp/Content/Frequently_Asked_Questions/Product_ID.htm?Highlight=Product%20ID)"""@en ; rdfs:label "has product ID"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasRequestSubmissionType rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "A request submission type is an experiment submission type description, e.g. synthesis, fabrication, analysis."@en ; rdfs:label "has request submission type"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/hasVersion rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:string ; rdfs:comment "A version is a specific release of a software system, application, library or any other piece of software"@en ; rdfs:label "has version"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/submissionEndedAt rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "end time and date of a given experiment submission"@en ; rdfs:label "submission ended at"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/submissionStartedAt rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:domain ; rdfs:range xsd:dateTime ; rdfs:comment "start time and date of a given experiment submission"@en ; rdfs:label "submission started at"@en . ################################################################# # Classes ################################################################# ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000002 rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith ; "008-BFO" ; rdfs:label "continuant"@en ; "(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity"@en ; "A human being; a tennis ball; a cave; a region of space; someone's temperature"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000003 rdf:type owl:Class ; "077-BFO" ; rdfs:label "occurrent"@en ; "(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region"@en ; "As for process, history, process boundary, spatiotemporal region, zero-dimensional temporal region, one-dimensional temporal region, temporal interval, temporal instant."@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000004 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "017-BFO" ; rdfs:label "Independent continuant"@en ; "b is an independent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is no c such that b specifically depends on c or b generically depends on c"@en ; "An atom; a molecule; an organism; a heart; a chair; the bottom right portion of a human torso; a leg; the interior of your mouth; a spatial region; an orchestra"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000006 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "035-BFO" ; rdfs:label "spatial region"@en ; "(Elucidation) A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant part of the spatial projection of a portion of spacetime at a given time"@en ; "As for zero-dimensional spatial region, one-dimensional spatial region, two-dimensional spatial region, three-dimensional spatial region"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000015 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; "083-BFO" ; rdfs:label "process"@en ; "event"@en ; "(Elucidation) p is a process means p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant"@en ; "An act of selling; the life of an organism; a process of sleeping; a process of cell-division; a beating of the heart; a process of meiosis; the taxiing of an aircraft; the programming of a computer"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000017 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "058-BFO" ; rdfs:label "realizable entity"@en ; "(Elucidation) A realizable entity is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region & which is of a type some instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type"@en ; "The role of being a doctor; the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet; the function of your reproductive organs; the disposition of your blood to coagulate; the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000019 rdf:type owl:Class . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000020 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "050-BFO" ; rdfs:label "specifically dependent continuant"@en ; "b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b specifically depends on c"@en ; "(with multiple bearers) John's love for Mary; the ownership relation between John and this statue; the relation of authority between John and his subordinates"@en , "(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato; the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre; the smell of this portion of mozzarella; the disposition of this fish to decay; the role of being a doctor; the function of this heart to pump blood; the shape of this hole"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000023 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "061-BFO" ; rdfs:label "Role"@en ; "externally-grounded realizable entity"@en ; "(Elucidation) A role b is a realizable entity such that b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be & b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed"@en ; "The priest role; the student role; the role of subject in a clinical trial; the role of a stone in marking a property boundary; the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighbouring administrative territories; the role of a building in serving as a military target"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000031 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "074-BFO" ; rdfs:label "generically dependent continuant"@en ; "b is a generically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some time t such that there is some independent continuant c & b s-depends_on c at t"@en ; "A symphony; a score of a film; a patent; a plan; a procedure; a software algorithm"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000040 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; owl:disjointWith ; "019-BFO" ; rdfs:label "Material entity"@en ; "(Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant has some portion of matter as continuant part"@en ; "A human being; the undetached arm of a human being; an aggregate of human beings"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000141 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; "028-BFO" ; rdfs:label "Immaterial entity"@en ; "b is an immaterial entity =Def b is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part"@en ; "As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site"@en . ### http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24431 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances."@en ; rdfs:label "Chemical entity"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/AmountOfSubstanceConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_concentration)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Amount of substance concentration"@en ; "Amount concentration"@en , "Molar concentration"@en , "Molarity"@en , "Substance concentration"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/CompressiveStress rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Stress acting to compress an object, i.e. the force per unit area directed towards the material. Declared locally (subclass of om:Stress) so that gmat:CompressiveStrength remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ; rdfs:label "Compressive stress"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Length rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Length is the amount of space between two geographical points along a curve. It is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. Length is speed times time. The metre, a base unit of length in the International System of Units, is defined in terms of speed of light during a certain time interval."@en ; rdfs:label "Length"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Measure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A measure combines a number to a unit of measure. For example, \"3 m\" is a measure."@en ; rdfs:label "measure"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ModulusOfElasticity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain of a material (http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/quality#AFQ_0000341)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Modulus of elasticity"@en ; "Young’s modulus"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Permeability-EarthScience rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The permeability multiplied by the permeating fluids' viscosity, it is commonly used for porous solids such as rocks k = eta･V･d / (A･t･p) = eta･nu･d/p = eta･D/p k = permeability (earth science) V = Volume of the permeate [m³] nu = velocity of the permeate [m/s] eta = dynamic viscosoty of the permeate [Pa･s] d = thickness of the rock [m] A = area of the rock [m²] t = time of diffusion [s] p = pressure difference [atm] D = Diffusion coefficient = diffusivity [m²/s] The SI unit of the permeability (earth science) is m², commonly called Darcy"""@en ; rdfs:label "Permeability (earth science)"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Point rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A point is an element of an interval scale or a ratio scale, for example, 273.16 on the Kelvin scale indicates the triple point of water thermodynamic temperature."@en ; rdfs:label "point"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Pressure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Pressure is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area. In sol-gel processing it covers autoclave and supercritical drying pressures, vacuum levels, and gas pressures. Declared locally so the class is available without resolving the OM-2 import"@en ; rdfs:label "Pressure"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Quantity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A quantity is a representation of a quantifiable (standardised) aspect (such as length, mass, and time) of a phenomenon (e.g., a star, a molecule, or a food product). Quantities are classified according to similarity in their (implicit) metrological aspect, e.g. the length of my table and the length of my chair are both classified as length. """@en ; rdfs:label "Quantity"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/SpecificHeatCapacity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of substance by one kelvin. Declared locally so that gmat:SpecificHeatCapacity remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ; rdfs:label "Specific heat capacity"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Stress rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Stress is the internal force per unit area within a material that arises from externally applied forces. Declared locally so that gmat:FlexuralStrength and om:CompressiveStress remain under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ; rdfs:label "Stress"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Temperature rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Temperature is the extent to which an object is hot"@en ; rdfs:label "Temperature"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ThermalConductivity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Thermal conductivity is the property of a material to conduct heat. Declared locally so that gmat:ThermalConductivity remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal conductivity"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/ThermalDiffusivity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Thermal diffusivity is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat capacity at constant pressure. Declared locally so that gmat:ThermalDiffusivity remains under om:Quantity even when the OM-2 import is not resolved"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal diffusivity"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Thickness rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The smallest dimension of a flat object, usually a mean value of several measurements"@en ; rdfs:label "Thickness"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Time rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Time is a base quantity in the International System of Units and other systems of units. It is measured by numbers of repetitions of cyclical events."@en ; rdfs:label "Time"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Unit rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "A unit of measure is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law. It is used as a standard for measurement of the same quantity, where any other value of the quantity can be expressed as a simple multiple of the unit. For example, length is a quantity; the metre is a unit of length that represents a definite predetermined length. When we say 10 metre (or 10 m), we actually mean 10 times the definite predetermined length called \"metre\"."@en ; rdfs:label "unit"@en . ### http://www.ontology-of-units-of-measure.org/resource/om-2/Volume rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Volume is a measure of how much three-dimensional space any phenomenon occupies. It is a derived quantity in the International System of Units Volume is length to the power 3"""@en ; rdfs:label "Volume"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Activity rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith ; rdfs:comment "something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities. It may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities"@en ; rdfs:label "Activity"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Agent rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith ; rdfs:comment "something that bears some form of responsibility for an activity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's activity"@en ; rdfs:label "Agent"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#AgentInfluence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "the capacity of an agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of attribution, association, delegation, or other"@en ; rdfs:label "Agent influence"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Association rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "an assignment of responsibility to an agent for an activity, indicating that the agent had a role in the activity"@en ; rdfs:label "Association"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Attribution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "the ascribing of an entity to an agent"@en ; rdfs:label "Attribution"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:disjointWith ; rdfs:comment """a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing with some fixed aspects (http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Entity)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Entity"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#EntityInfluence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "the capacity of an entity to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, derivation, or other"@en ; rdfs:label "Entity influence"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Influence rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "the capacity of an entity, activity, or agent to have an effect on the character, development, or behavior of another by means of usage, start, end, generation, invalidation, communication, derivation, attribution, association, or delegation"@en ; rdfs:label "Influence"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#InstantaneousEvent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "marks a transition in the world. Instantaneous events include generation, usage, or invalidation of entities, as well as starting or ending of activities"@en ; rdfs:label "Instantaneous event"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Person rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Person agents are people."@en ; rdfs:label "Person"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Role rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:comment "the function of an entity or agent with respect to an activity, in the context of a usage, generation, invalidation, association, start, and end"@en ; rdfs:label "Role"@en . ### http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#Usage rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "the beginning of utilizing an entity by an activity"@en ; rdfs:label "Usage"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/APDAerogelSynthesis :APDAerogelSynthesis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelSynthesis , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :AmbientPressureDrying ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceModification ] ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel synthesis route using ambient pressure drying (APD). Requires a surface modification step (typically silylation with TMCS or HMDS) between solvent exchange and drying to prevent capillary collapse during the drying step"@en ; rdfs:label "Ambient pressure drying aerogel synthesis"@en ; "APD synthesis"@en ; "An aerogel synthesis route in which the wet gel is dried at ambient pressure after mandatory surface silylation; avoids high-pressure equipment of supercritical drying by preventing capillary collapse through hydrophobic surface modification"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/APTES :APTES rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Accupyc :Accupyc rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A gas pycnometer device for measuring skeletal densities of solid materials using helium displacement."@en ; rdfs:label "Accupyc"@en ; "A gas displacement pycnometer instrument used to measure the skeletal density of solid materials by helium displacement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AceticAcid :AceticAcid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcidCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Acetone :Acetone rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A volatile organic solvent (CH3COCH3) commonly used in solvent exchange for aerogel synthesis due to low surface tension and miscibility with alcohols"@en ; rdfs:label "Acetone"@en ; "The ketone solvent propan-2-one (CH3COCH3), used in solvent exchange during aerogel synthesis owing to its miscibility and volatility"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Acid :Acid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A chemical entity capable of donating a proton (Bronsted acid) or accepting an electron pair (Lewis acid). Acids serve as catalysts in many sol-gel processes for aerogel synthesis"@en ; rdfs:label "Acid"@en ; "A chemical entity capable of donating a proton (Bronsted acid) or accepting an electron pair (Lewis acid)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcidCatalysis :AcidCatalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gelation , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :AcidCatalyst ] ; owl:disjointWith :BaseCatalysis , :TwoStepCatalysis ; rdfs:comment "Sol-gel gelation under acid-catalytic conditions (pH < 7). Promotes fast hydrolysis and slower condensation, yielding weakly branched, polymeric gel structures with smaller pores"@en ; rdfs:label "Acid-catalysed gelation"@en ; "Acid catalysis"@en ; "Gelation performed at pH below 7, where protonation of alkoxide leaving groups accelerates hydrolysis relative to condensation, yielding weakly branched, polymeric gel networks with small pores"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcidCatalysisPathway :AcidCatalysisPathway rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GelationPathway , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :realisedAs ; owl:someValuesFrom :AcidCatalysis ] ; rdfs:label "Acid Catalysis Pathway"@en ; "A gelation pathway realised through acid catalysis: pre-hydrolysis at low pH followed by slow condensation, producing weakly branched polymeric network gels with small, homogeneous pores."@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcidCatalyst :AcidCatalyst rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Acid ; rdfs:comment "A Bronsted or Lewis acid used specifically as a catalyst in sol-gel hydrolysis and condensation reactions (e.g. HCl, HNO3, acetic acid, oxalic acid). Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state that a substance functions as a catalyst in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a pmat:Catalyst]"@en ; rdfs:label "Acid catalyst"@en ; "Acid catalytic agent"@en ; "An acid employed as a catalyst; in sol-gel processing, promotes hydrolysis of alkoxide precursors under acidic conditions"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AcousticInsulation :AcousticInsulation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Use of a material to attenuate sound transmission, exploiting the low sound velocity in aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Acoustic insulation"@en ; "The application of a material as a barrier against sound transmission"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Activation :Activation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:comment "Physical (CO2, steam) or chemical (KOH, ZnCl2) activation of carbon aerogels at high temperature to develop microporosity and increase surface area"@en ; rdfs:label "Activation"@en ; "A thermal treatment in which a reactive agent etches microporosity into a carbon material to increase its surface area"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ActivationEnergy :ActivationEnergy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction; used in Arrhenius analysis of gelation kinetics. Typically expressed in kJ/mol"@en ; rdfs:label "Activation energy"@en ; "Ea"@en ; "A quantity representing the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction, obtained in this domain from Arrhenius analysis of gelation kinetics"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Adsorption :Adsorption rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Use of a material as sorbent - oil and organic solvent uptake, CO2 capture, water treatment, gas storage"@en ; rdfs:label "Adsorption"@en ; "Sorption"@en ; "The application of a material as a sorbent for liquids, gases, or dissolved species"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Aerogel :Aerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasDensity ; owl:someValuesFrom :Density ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSurfaceArea ; owl:someValuesFrom :SurfaceArea ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :wasProducedBy ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ; owl:disjointWith :Alcogel , :Hydrogel , :Xerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel is a porous solid material obtained by replacing the liquid phase of a gel with a gas, typically through supercritical drying, while largely retaining the gel’s original network structure."@en ; rdfs:label "Aerogel"@en ; , ; "A porous solid material derived from a gel in which the liquid component has been replaced by a gas without significant collapse of the solid network structure, yielding extremely low density, high porosity, and high specific surface area"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AerogelDefect :AerogelDefect rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A structural or quality defect borne by an aerogel — a persisting deviation from the intended structure or quality that arises during synthesis or processing. Subclasses denote the defect state (a specifically dependent continuant inhering in the material), not the formation event; the event that produces a defect should be modelled as a process if needed."@en ; rdfs:label "Aerogel defect"@en ; "A specifically dependent continuant feature of an aerogel material that constitutes a deviation from the intended structure, composition, or quality of the material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AerogelSynthesis :AerogelSynthesis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gelation ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolFormation ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ] ; rdfs:comment "The complete process of synthesizing aerogels from precursor materials through sol-gel chemistry followed by a drying step. Only sol formation, gelation, and drying are asserted as required parts (owl:someValuesFrom); aging, solvent exchange, and surface modification are common but optional steps that many published syntheses omit, so they carry no existential restriction here — asserting them would make every extracted synthesis without such a step inconsistent under OWL reasoning"@en ; rdfs:label "Aerogel synthesis"@en ; "The complete multi-step process of producing an aerogel from precursor substances, comprising at minimum sol formation, gelation, and a drying step that preserves pore structure; aging, solvent exchange, and surface modification are frequent optional steps"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Aging :Aging rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment "Post-gelation maturation process where the gel network strengthens through continued condensation reactions and Ostwald ripening. Typically performed by keeping the wet gel immersed in solvent at elevated temperature"@en ; rdfs:label "Aging"@en ; "Post-gelation maturation in which the wet gel is kept immersed in solvent at elevated temperature to strengthen the network via continued condensation reactions, Ostwald ripening, and syneresis, reducing later shrinkage during drying"@en ; :hasStepOrder "3"^^xsd:positiveInteger . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Air :Air rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas ; rdfs:comment "Ambient air, the oxidising atmosphere of calcination and of ambient pressure drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Air"@en ; "The ambient gas mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, used as oxidising process atmosphere"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alcogel :Alcogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :WetGel ; owl:disjointWith :Hydrogel ; rdfs:comment "An alcogel is a gel in which the liquid phase consists mainly of an alcohol or alcohol-rich solvent mixture."@en ; rdfs:label "Alcogel"@en ; "A wet gel in which the liquid pore phase consists primarily of an alcohol or alcohol-rich solvent mixture, formed after solvent exchange from the initial aqueous sol or directly from alkoxide precursors"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alcohol :Alcohol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Any organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl groups bound to saturated carbon; commonly used as solvent or reagent"@en ; rdfs:label "Alcohol"@en ; "An organic compound bearing one or more hydroxyl groups bound to saturated carbon atoms"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alginate :Alginate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiopolymerPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AlkoxideSolution :AlkoxideSolution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A solution containing metal alkoxide precursor dissolved in organic solvent, prepared as an intermediate in sol-gel synthesis"@en ; rdfs:label "Alkoxide solution"@en ; "A solution of a metal or silicon alkoxide precursor in an organic solvent, prepared as an intermediate in sol-gel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AluminaAerogel :AluminaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOxideAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with an Al2O3 network, typically from aluminium sec-butoxide (Yoldas route) or AlCl3/epoxide routes; valued for high-temperature stability"@en ; rdfs:label "Alumina aerogel"@en ; "Al2O3 aerogel"@en ; "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of aluminium oxide"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AluminiumSecButoxide :AluminiumSecButoxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalAlkoxide . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmbientPressureDrying :AmbientPressureDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Drying method performed at atmospheric pressure, typically requiring surface modification to prevent capillary collapse"@en ; rdfs:label "Ambient pressure drying"@en ; "APD"@en , "Evaporative drying"@en ; "A drying method performed at atmospheric pressure in which capillary collapse is prevented by prior surface silylation of the gel, allowing the hydrophobic network to spring back after compression and recover its pore volume"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Ambigel :Ambigel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel ; rdfs:comment "A dried gel obtained by ambient pressure (evaporative) drying under conditions that largely preserve the pore network (surface modification, low-surface-tension solvent); intermediate between xerogel and aerogel"@en ; rdfs:label "Ambigel"@en ; "A dried gel produced by ambient pressure drying with measures that substantially preserve the mesoporous network"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmmoniumCompound :AmmoniumCompound rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A compound containing the ammonium cation (NH4+); includes salts and aqueous ammonia species used in catalysis and pH control"@en ; rdfs:label "Ammonium Compound"@en ; "A chemical compound containing the ammonium cation (NH4+)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmmoniumFluoride :AmmoniumFluoride rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FluorideSalt ; rdfs:comment "NH4F, a water-soluble fluoride salt used as an additive or etchant; can influence hydrolysis/condensation kinetics in silica sol–gel systems"@en ; rdfs:label "Ammonium fluoride"@en ; "The water-soluble fluoride salt NH4F, used as an additive that modifies condensation kinetics in silica sol-gel systems"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AmmoniumHydroxide :AmmoniumHydroxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AmmoniumCompound ; rdfs:comment "Aqueous ammonia solution (NH3·H2O) commonly referred to as ammonium hydroxide; provides basic conditions and acts as a base catalyst in sol–gel reactions"@en ; rdfs:label "Ammonium Hydroxide"@en ; "An aqueous solution of ammonia that provides basic conditions and acts as a base catalyst in sol-gel reactions"@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Application :Application rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An intended or demonstrated use of a material. Modelled as a BFO realizable entity borne by the material and linked from it with gmat:hasApplication"@en ; rdfs:label "Application"@en ; "A realizable entity representing an intended or demonstrated field of use of a material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Argon :Argon rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ArrheniusConstant :ArrheniusConstant rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The pre-exponential factor (A) in the Arrhenius equation k = A·exp(−Ea/RT), representing the frequency of molecular collisions with correct orientation. Units match the rate constant (e.g., s⁻¹ for first-order reactions)"@en ; rdfs:label "Arrhenius pre-exponential factor"@en ; "Arrhenius constant"@en , "Frequency factor"@en ; "A quantity representing the pre-exponential factor A in the Arrhenius equation, reflecting the frequency of correctly oriented molecular collisions"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BETAnalysis :BETAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PorosityMeasurement ; owl:disjointWith :BJHAnalysis ; rdfs:comment "Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis for determining specific surface area from gas adsorption isotherms"@en ; rdfs:label "BET analysis"@en ; "A porosity measurement in which specific surface area is determined from a gas adsorption isotherm using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BJHAnalysis :BJHAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PorosityMeasurement ; rdfs:comment "Barrett-Joyner-Halenda analysis for determining pore size distribution from gas desorption isotherms"@en ; rdfs:label "BJH analysis"@en ; "A porosity measurement in which pore size distribution is determined from a gas desorption isotherm using the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda model"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BTMSE :BTMSE rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Base :Base rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A Bronsted base capable of accepting a proton. Bases serve as catalysts for condensation reactions in sol-gel processing (e.g. ammonium hydroxide, ammonium fluoride, sodium hydroxide)"@en ; rdfs:label "Base"@en ; "A chemical entity capable of accepting a proton (Bronsted base) or donating an electron pair (Lewis base)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BaseCatalysis :BaseCatalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gelation , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Base ] ; rdfs:comment "Sol-gel gelation under basic conditions (pH > 7). Promotes fast condensation and slower hydrolysis, yielding highly branched, colloidal cluster networks with larger pore sizes"@en ; rdfs:label "Base-catalysed gelation"@en ; "Base catalysis"@en ; "Gelation performed at pH above 7, where hydroxide ions catalyse condensation faster than hydrolysis, yielding highly branched, colloidal cluster-cluster aggregation networks with larger pore sizes"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BaseCatalysisPathway :BaseCatalysisPathway rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GelationPathway , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :realisedAs ; owl:someValuesFrom :BaseCatalysis ] ; rdfs:label "Base Catalysis Pathway"@en ; "A gelation pathway realised through base catalysis: fast condensation relative to hydrolysis at high pH, producing highly branched colloidal aggregation networks with larger pore sizes."@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BaseCatalyst :BaseCatalyst rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Base ; rdfs:comment "A class of chemical substances that provide basic conditions or catalyze base-mediated reactions (e.g., deprotonation, nucleophilic activation) in a process. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state that a substance functions as a catalyst in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a pmat:Catalyst]"@en ; rdfs:label "Base Catalyst"@en ; "A base employed as a catalyst; in sol-gel processing, promotes condensation reactions under basic conditions"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Beads :Beads rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Geometry ; rdfs:comment "Small spherical or granule-shaped material geometry, often produced by dropping sol into a bath or dispersion."@en ; rdfs:label "Beads"@en ; "A sample geometry consisting of small spherical or granular pieces, often produced by dropping a sol into a bath or dispersion"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BioAerogel :BioAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel derived from biological materials such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, or proteins"@en ; rdfs:label "Biopolymer aerogel"@en ; "A polymer aerogel derived from biopolymers such as cellulose, chitosan, alginate, or proteins"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BiopolymerPrecursor :BiopolymerPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precursor ; rdfs:comment "A natural polymer (polysaccharide or protein) that forms a bio-aerogel network by physical or ionic gelation: cellulose, nanocellulose, chitosan, alginate, pectin, gelatin, starch"@en ; rdfs:label "Biopolymer precursor"@en ; "A natural polymer used as the network-forming precursor of a bio-aerogel"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BulkDensity :BulkDensity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Density ; rdfs:comment "The mass of a porous body divided by its envelope (geometric) volume, including the pore space. The most commonly reported density of aerogels, typically 1-500 kg/m3 (0.001-0.5 g/cm3) for silica aerogels; determined geometrically or by envelope (powder displacement) pycnometry"@en ; rdfs:label "Bulk density"@en ; "Apparent density"@en , "Envelope density"@en ; "The density of a porous material computed over its envelope volume, i.e. including both the solid skeleton and the gas-filled pore space"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BulkDensityMeasurement :BulkDensityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Determination of bulk (envelope) density (gmat:BulkDensity), usually geometrically from mass and dimensions of a regular monolith, or by envelope (powder displacement) pycnometry (e.g. GeoPyc)"@en ; rdfs:label "Bulk density measurement"@en ; "Envelope density measurement"@en ; "An analysis that determines the envelope density of a sample from its mass and envelope volume"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CO2SupplySystem :CO2SupplySystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "System for storing and delivering CO2 for supercritical drying processes"@en ; rdfs:label "CO2 supply system"@en ; "Equipment that stores and delivers carbon dioxide to a supercritical drying process"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Calcination :Calcination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:comment "Thermal treatment in air or oxygen to remove organic residues, dehydroxylate, or crystallise metal oxide networks (e.g. amorphous titania to anatase)"@en ; rdfs:label "Calcination"@en ; "A thermal treatment in oxidising atmosphere that removes organics or induces crystallisation in oxide materials"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonAerogel :CarbonAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerogel ; owl:disjointWith :OrganicAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a purely carbonaceous framework, produced by pyrolysis of an organic precursor aerogel (e.g. resorcinol-formaldehyde) above 700 °C in inert atmosphere. The pyrolysis destroys all organic bonds, leaving an electrically conductive elemental carbon network. Not subclassed under OrganicAerogel — carbon aerogels contain no C-H bonds"@en ; rdfs:label "Carbon aerogel"@en ; "Activated carbon aerogel"@en ; "A pyrolysed aerogel whose solid framework consists of elemental (sp² or sp³ hybridised) carbon, distinct from organic aerogels which retain organic polymer backbones"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonDioxide :CarbonDioxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonFibre :CarbonFibre rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcement ; rdfs:comment "Carbon fibres used as high-temperature-stable, electrically conductive reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en ; rdfs:label "Carbon fibre"@en ; "Carbon fiber"@en ; "A carbon fibre used as reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonNanotube :CarbonNanotube rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcement . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Casting :Casting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Pouring the sol into a mould (gmat:Mold) where gelation takes place, defining the geometry (monolith, slab) of the resulting gel"@en ; rdfs:label "Casting"@en ; "Molding"@en , "Moulding"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which a sol is poured into a mould that defines the shape of the gel formed in it"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CatalystSolution :CatalystSolution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A solution containing catalysts and solvents prepared for mixing with precursor solution to initiate sol-gel reactions"@en ; rdfs:label "Catalyst solution"@en ; "A solution of a catalyst in a solvent, prepared for addition to a precursor solution to initiate or accelerate sol-gel reactions"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CatalystSupport :CatalystSupport rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Use of a high-surface-area material as carrier for catalytically active phases"@en ; rdfs:label "Catalyst support"@en ; "The application of a material as a carrier for catalytically active species"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cellulose :Cellulose rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiopolymerPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CelluloseFibre :CelluloseFibre rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcement ; rdfs:comment "Cellulosic fibres (pulp, cotton, regenerated cellulose) used as bio-based reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en ; rdfs:label "Cellulose fibre"@en ; "Cellulose fiber"@en ; "A cellulosic fibre used as bio-based reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ChainGrowthPolymerisation :ChainGrowthPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction between a monomer and the reactive site on the polymer chain with regeneration of the reactive site at the end of each growth step (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000634)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Chain growth polymerisation"@en ; "A polymer synthesis in which chain growth proceeds exclusively by reaction between monomer and a reactive site on the growing chain, with regeneration of the reactive site at each step"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Chitosan :Chitosan rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiopolymerPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CitricAcid :CitricAcid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcidCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Clay :Clay rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcement ; rdfs:comment "Layered clay minerals (montmorillonite, sepiolite, laponite) used as inorganic filler and fire-retardant reinforcement in (bio)polymer aerogel composites"@en ; rdfs:label "Clay"@en ; "A layered silicate mineral used as filler and reinforcement in aerogel composites"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CoefficientOfDetermination :CoefficientOfDetermination rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The coefficient of determination (R²) of a regression fit, quantifying the goodness of fit of a model to experimental data (e.g. an Arrhenius fit of gelation kinetics). Dimensionless, 0-1"@en ; rdfs:label "Coefficient of determination"@en ; "R-squared"@en , "R²"@en ; "A dimensionless statistical quantity (0 ≤ R² ≤ 1) expressing the proportion of variance in observed data explained by a fitted model"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompositeAerogel :CompositeAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel containing reinforcing materials or fillers embedded within the aerogel matrix, such as fiber-reinforced aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Composite aerogel"@en ; "An aerogel containing reinforcing materials or fillers embedded within the aerogel matrix"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompressionTesting :CompressionTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of mechanical strength and stress-strain behavior under compressive loads"@en ; rdfs:label "Compression testing"@en ; "An analysis that measures the stress-strain behaviour and strength of a material under compressive load"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompressiveModulus :CompressiveModulus rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The ratio of compressive stress to compressive strain in the elastic region of the stress-strain curve, expressed in kPa or MPa. For aerogels this reflects network stiffness and cross-linking density"@en ; rdfs:label "Compressive modulus"@en ; "Young's modulus (compression)"@en ; "The elastic modulus measured under uniaxial compression, equal to the slope of the linear region of the compressive stress-strain curve"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CompressiveStrength :CompressiveStrength rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The maximum compressive stress a material can sustain before fracture, yielding, or excessive deformation. A critical mechanical property for structural and load-bearing aerogel applications"@en ; rdfs:label "Compressive strength"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the maximum compressive stress a material can withstand before failure; expressed as an om:Measure with unit kPa or MPa."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Condensation :Condensation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Silanol ] ; rdfs:comment "Reaction between silanol groups (Si-OH + HO-Si -> Si-O-Si + H2O) or between silanol and alkoxy groups forming siloxane bonds that build the three-dimensional gel network"@en ; rdfs:label "Condensation"@en ; "Formation of siloxane (Si-O-Si) network bonds by reaction of silanol intermediates, releasing water or alcohol as by-products"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ContactAngle :ContactAngle rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The angle at which a liquid-vapor interface meets a solid surface, quantifying wettability. Key metric for hydrophobic aerogels (contact angle > 90 degrees) and superhydrophobic aerogels (contact angle > 150 degrees)"@en ; rdfs:label "Contact angle"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the angle between a liquid droplet interface and a solid surface, used to quantify hydrophobicity; expressed as an om:Measure with unit degrees. Values above 90° indicate hydrophobic surfaces."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cooling :Cooling rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Controlled reduction of temperature after a thermal step or to induce thermal gelation (e.g. gelatin); the descending counterpart of temperature ramping"@en ; rdfs:label "Cooling"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which the temperature of a sample is lowered in a controlled manner"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CoolingSystem :CoolingSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment for controlled cooling during processing"@en ; rdfs:label "Cooling system"@en ; "Equipment that provides controlled cooling during processing"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CorrelationLength :CorrelationLength rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The upper cutoff length ξ of fractal scaling in an aerogel network, corresponding to the characteristic cluster (blob) size above which the material appears homogeneous. Obtained from the crossover (knee) in a SAXS/SANS curve; typically a few to tens of nanometres"@en ; rdfs:label "Correlation length"@en ; "Cluster size"@en , "Fractal correlation length"@en ; "The correlation length ξ marking the upper length-scale cutoff of fractal self-similarity in a gel network (the characteristic cluster/blob size), determined from the low-q crossover of a scattering curve"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cracking :Cracking rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "The defect state of one or more cracks being present in the aerogel structure. Typically results from capillary stress or rapid pressure/temperature changes during drying — but this class denotes the persisting crack feature, not the crack-formation event."@en ; rdfs:label "Crack"@en ; "Cracking"@en ; "An aerogel defect consisting of one or more fracture discontinuities in the solid network of the material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CreationProcess :CreationProcess rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An action of bringing something into existence"@en ; rdfs:label "Creation process"@en ; , ; "A method by which a material entity is brought into existence, comprising the constituent steps of a synthesis workflow"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Crosslinker :Crosslinker rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A chemical agent that forms bonds between polymer chains to create network structures. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:CrosslinkerRole]"@en ; rdfs:label "Crosslinker"@en ; "A chemical agent that forms covalent or physical bonds between polymer chains, producing a three-dimensional network structure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CrosslinkerRole :CrosslinkerRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that forms bonds between polymer chains or particles in a given step; distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:Crosslinker, which types substances by chemical nature"@en ; rdfs:label "Crosslinker role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that bridges polymer chains or colloidal particles into a network during a synthesis step"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cryogel :Cryogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel ; rdfs:comment "A dried gel obtained by freeze drying (lyophilisation) of a wet gel; ice crystal growth typically leaves a more macroporous, often lamellar structure than supercritical drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Cryogel"@en ; "A dried gel produced by freezing the pore liquid and removing it by sublimation (freeze drying)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Curing :Curing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:comment "Moderate-temperature treatment that completes cross-linking or imidisation of a polymer network (e.g. thermal imidisation of poly(amic acid), post-curing of RF gels)"@en ; rdfs:label "Curing"@en ; "A thermal treatment that completes the cross-linking reactions of a polymer or hybrid network"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DeionizedWater :DeionizedWater rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Water . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Density :Density rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The mass per unit volume of a material. Canonical unit: kg/m3 (SI); the lab convention g/cm3 (= 1000 kg/m3) is also common. Bulk density is typically 1-500 kg/m3 (0.001-0.5 g/cm3); skeletal density (determined by He pycnometry) is typically 1800-2200 kg/m3 (1.8-2.2 g/cm3) for silica"@en ; rdfs:label "Density"@en ; "The ratio of the mass of a material to its volume; for aerogels the bulk density captures the contribution of both the solid skeleton and the gas-filled pore space"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Depressurization :Depressurization rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointWith :Pressurization ; rdfs:comment "Controlled reduction of pressure during supercritical drying to return to ambient conditions, performed slowly to avoid re-condensation of supercritical fluid"@en ; rdfs:label "Depressurization"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which pressure is reduced in a controlled manner, in supercritical drying performed slowly to avoid re-condensation of the fluid"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Derivation :Derivation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing entity"@en ; rdfs:label "Derivation"@en ; "A transformation of an entity into another, an update of an entity resulting in a new one, or the construction of a new entity based on a pre-existing one"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Diamine :Diamine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerPrecursor ; rdfs:comment "An aromatic or aliphatic diamine (e.g. ODA, DMBZ) that reacts with dianhydrides to form the poly(amic acid) intermediate of polyimide aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Diamine"@en ; "A diamine monomer that condenses with dianhydrides to form polyimide networks"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dianhydride :Dianhydride rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerPrecursor ; rdfs:comment "An aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride (e.g. PMDA, BPDA) that reacts with diamines to form the poly(amic acid) intermediate of polyimide aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Dianhydride"@en ; "A dianhydride monomer that condenses with diamines to form polyimide networks"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DifferentialScanningCalorimetry :DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dimethylformamide :Dimethylformamide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DissolutionParticipation :DissolutionParticipation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GelationPathway ; rdfs:comment "A gelation pathway mechanism involving significant dissolution and reprecipitation processes"@en ; rdfs:label "Dissolution-participation"@en ; "A gelation pathway in which dissolution and reprecipitation of solid species contribute significantly to network formation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DogBone :DogBone rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Geometry ; rdfs:comment "A specimen geometry with wider ends and a narrower central region (gauge length), typically used for tensile testing to ensure failure occurs in the gauge section."@en ; rdfs:label "Dog Bone"@en ; "A sample geometry with wider ends and a narrower central gauge region, used in tensile testing to localise failure in the gauge length"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DrugDelivery :DrugDelivery rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Use of a (typically bio-)aerogel as carrier for controlled release of pharmaceutical compounds"@en ; rdfs:label "Drug delivery"@en ; "The application of a material as a carrier for the controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dryer :Dryer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Laboratory or industrial equipment designed for removing solvents or moisture from materials through controlled heating, vacuum, or other drying mechanisms"@en ; rdfs:label "Dryer"@en ; "Equipment designed to remove solvent or moisture from a material by controlled heating, vacuum, sublimation, or supercritical extraction"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DryingControlAdditiveRole :DryingControlAdditiveRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance added to a sol to reduce capillary stress and prevent cracking during drying (DCCA function, e.g. glycerol, formamide, DMF); distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:DryingControlChemicalAdditive"@en ; rdfs:label "Drying control additive role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that moderates evaporation and capillary stress during drying of a gel"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DryingControlChemicalAdditive :DryingControlChemicalAdditive rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Chemical additives (DCCA) used to reduce capillary stress and prevent cracking during ambient pressure drying. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:DryingControlAdditiveRole]"@en ; rdfs:label "Drying control chemical additive"@en ; "DCCA"@en ; "A chemical additive incorporated into a sol to reduce capillary stress and prevent cracking during drying"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Duration :Duration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A quantity representing the length of time over which a process or event occurs, typically expressed in seconds, minutes, or hours"@en ; rdfs:label "Duration"@en ; "A quantity representing the length of time over which a process or event extends"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/EDXAnalysis :EDXAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Electrode :Electrode rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Use of a (typically carbon or metal oxide) aerogel as electrode material in supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, or capacitive deionisation"@en ; rdfs:label "Electrode"@en ; "The application of a material as an electrode in an electrochemical device"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Ethanol :Ethanol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol ; owl:disjointWith :Methanol . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ExchangeRatio :ExchangeRatio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "Volume ratio of fresh solvent to gel volume during solvent exchange cycles"@en ; rdfs:label "Exchange ratio"@en ; "A process parameter representing the volume ratio of fresh solvent to gel during a solvent exchange cycle"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FTIRSpectroscopy :FTIRSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FlexuralModulus :FlexuralModulus rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The ratio of stress to strain in flexural (bending) deformation, measured by three- or four-point bending, expressed in Pa"@en ; rdfs:label "Flexural modulus"@en ; "Bending modulus"@en ; "The elastic modulus measured under bending load, equal to the slope of the linear region of the flexural stress-strain curve"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FlexuralStrength :FlexuralStrength rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The maximum stress at the outer fibre of a specimen at the point of failure under bending load, expressed in Pa"@en ; rdfs:label "Flexural strength"@en ; "Bending strength"@en , "Modulus of rupture"@en ; "The maximum bending stress a material can sustain before rupture, determined by three- or four-point flexural testing"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FluorideAdditive :FluorideAdditive rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A class of fluoride-containing substances added in small amounts to modify reaction pathways, surface chemistry, or microstructure during processing"@en ; rdfs:label "Fluoride additive"@en ; "A fluoride-containing substance added in small amounts to modify hydrolysis-condensation kinetics, surface chemistry, or microstructure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FluorideSalt :FluorideSalt rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An ionic compound containing fluoride anions (F−) paired with a metal or ammonium cation; used for etching, complexation, or catalytic effects"@en ; rdfs:label "Fluoride Salt"@en ; "An ionic compound of the fluoride anion with a metal or ammonium cation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ForceCell :ForceCell rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A sensor designed to convert mechanical force to electric signal."@en ; rdfs:label "Load Cell"@en ; "An instrument that converts mechanical force into an electrical signal for quantitative force measurement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Formaldehyde :Formaldehyde rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Formamide :Formamide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryingControlChemicalAdditive . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FractalDimension :FractalDimension rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A dimensionless exponent describing the self-similar (power-law) scaling of an aerogel network with length scale, determined from small-angle scattering (SAXS/SANS). General parent for the mass fractal dimension (Dm, network mass scaling) and the surface fractal dimension (Ds, interface roughness scaling)"@en ; rdfs:label "Fractal dimension"@en ; "A dimensionless exponent quantifying the fractal (self-similar, power-law) scaling of an aerogel network; specialised as mass fractal dimension (1-3) or surface fractal dimension (2-3)"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FreezeCasting :FreezeCasting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Directional or bulk freezing of a suspension or gel so that growing ice crystals template an aligned macroporous architecture, subsequently revealed by freeze drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Freeze casting"@en ; "Directional freezing"@en , "Ice templating"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which controlled freezing templates the pore structure of a material via ice crystal growth"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FreezeDryer :FreezeDryer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dryer ; rdfs:comment "Equipment that removes liquid from a frozen material by sublimation under reduced pressure (lyophilisation). Used in aerogel production via the freeze-drying route to obtain cryogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Freeze Dryer"@en ; "A dryer that removes frozen solvent from a material by sublimation under reduced pressure (lyophilisation)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FreezeDrying :FreezeDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Drying method where the solvent is frozen and then sublimated under vacuum, producing cryogels with distinct morphology"@en ; rdfs:label "Freeze drying"@en ; "Lyophilization"@en ; "A drying method in which the pore solvent is frozen and removed by sublimation under reduced pressure, yielding cryogels"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Furfural :Furfural rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GPTMS :GPTMS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gas :Gas rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance in the gaseous state used in processing or characterisation: pyrolysis and calcination atmospheres (N2, Ar, air), sorption adsorbates (N2, CO2), and drying media"@en ; rdfs:label "Gas"@en ; "A chemical entity in the gaseous aggregation state, used as process atmosphere, adsorbate, or drying medium"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gel :Gel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A gel is a soft material entity consisting of a continuous solid network permeated by a liquid phase, exhibiting both solid-like and liquid-like properties"@en ; rdfs:label "Gel"@en ; "A nonfluid colloidal or polymer network that is expanded throughout its whole volume by a fluid, exhibiting both solid-like and liquid-like properties"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gelatin :Gelatin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiopolymerPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gelation :Gelation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :SolGelTransition ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom [ owl:intersectionOf ( [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] ) ; rdf:type owl:Class ] ] ; rdfs:comment "The sol-gel transition process where a liquid colloidal solution transforms into a solid gel network through hydrolysis and condensation reactions"@en ; rdfs:label "Gelation"@en ; "The sol-gel process stage in which condensation reactions cause the growing network to span the entire reaction volume, producing a solid gel at the gel point (SolGelTransition); the sol irreversibly loses fluidity"@en ; :hasStepOrder "2"^^xsd:positiveInteger . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GelationPathway :GelationPathway rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The mechanistic route by which a sol transforms into a gel network. A GelationPathway describes the mechanism, not the process itself — it is a feature of the gelation, not an instance of it"@en ; rdfs:label "Gelation pathway"@en ; "Gelation mechanism"@en ; "The mechanistic route by which a sol transforms into a gel network; describes the mechanism of a gelation, not the process itself"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GelationTime :GelationTime rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Gelation ] ; rdfs:comment "The elapsed time from initiation of gelation (e.g. catalyst addition) to the SolGelTransition event. A key kinetic parameter sensitive to catalyst concentration, pH, temperature, and water-to-precursor ratio"@en ; rdfs:label "Gelation time"@en ; "Gel time"@en ; "The elapsed time from initiation of gelation (e.g. catalyst addition) to the SolGelTransition event; a key kinetic parameter controlled by catalyst type, concentration, pH, temperature, and water-to-precursor ratio"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GellingAgentRole :GellingAgentRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that triggers or promotes gelation (e.g. a base added to induce condensation, a cation bath for alginate gelation)"@en ; rdfs:label "Gelling agent role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that induces or accelerates the sol-gel transition in a gelation step"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Geometry :Geometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The shape, size, and physical configuration of a material entity."@en ; rdfs:label "Geometry"@en ; "A feature representing the shape and physical configuration of a material entity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Geopyc :Geopyc rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Device for measuring envelope density of materials."@en ; rdfs:label "Geopyc"@en ; "An instrument that measures the envelope density of a material by quasi-fluid displacement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GlassFibre :GlassFibre rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcement ; rdfs:comment "Glass fibres (loose, mat, or felt), the most common reinforcement of commercial silica aerogel insulation composites"@en ; rdfs:label "Glass fibre"@en ; "Glass fiber"@en ; "A fibrous glass reinforcement used in aerogel composites and blankets"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Glycerol :Glycerol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :DryingControlChemicalAdditive . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GrapheneOxide :GrapheneOxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Reinforcement . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GuardedHotPlate :GuardedHotPlate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalConductivityTesting ; rdfs:comment "Steady-state absolute thermal conductivity measurement between a guarded hot plate and cold plates (ISO 8302); the primary reference method for insulation materials"@en ; rdfs:label "Guarded hot plate method"@en ; "A steady-state thermal conductivity measurement in which a guarded hot plate imposes a known heat flux across a slab specimen"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatFlowMeter :HeatFlowMeter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Device for measuring thermal conductivity of the material."@en ; rdfs:label "Heat Flow Meter"@en ; "An instrument that measures the thermal conductivity of a material from the heat flux through a specimen under a temperature gradient"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatFlowMeterMethod :HeatFlowMeterMethod rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalConductivityTesting ; rdfs:comment "Steady-state comparative thermal conductivity measurement using calibrated heat flux transducers (ISO 8301); faster than the guarded hot plate; instrument class gmat:HeatFlowMeter"@en ; rdfs:label "Heat flow meter method"@en ; "A steady-state thermal conductivity measurement in which the heat flux through a slab specimen is recorded by calibrated flux transducers"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatingBath :HeatingBath rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Temperature-controlled liquid bath for uniform heating of samples"@en ; rdfs:label "Heating bath"@en ; "Oil bath"@en , "Water bath"@en ; "An instrument consisting of a temperature-controlled liquid bath used for uniform heating of samples"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeatingRate :HeatingRate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The rate of temperature change during a thermal process step (drying, pyrolysis, calcination, temperature ramping), typically reported in K/min or degC/min"@en ; rdfs:label "Heating rate"@en ; "Ramp rate"@en , "Temperature ramp rate"@en ; "A quantity representing the change of temperature per unit time imposed during a controlled heating or cooling step"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HeliumPycnometry :HeliumPycnometry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SkeletalDensityMeasurement ; rdfs:comment "Gas displacement pycnometry with helium; the standard realisation of skeletal density measurement (gmat:SkeletalDensity), performed e.g. on an Accupyc instrument"@en ; rdfs:label "Helium pycnometry"@en ; "Gas pycnometry"@en ; "A skeletal density measurement that determines the skeletal volume of a sample by helium gas displacement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Heptane :Heptane rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hexamethyldisilazane :Hexamethyldisilazane rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SilylationAgent . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hexane :Hexane rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HighTemperatureSupercriticalDrying :HighTemperatureSupercriticalDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupercriticalDrying ; rdfs:comment "Supercritical drying directly from the organic pore solvent (ethanol or methanol, Tc ~240-243 degC) in an autoclave, without exchange to CO2; the original Kistler-type HOT route, distinguished from low-temperature scCO2 drying"@en ; rdfs:label "High-temperature supercritical drying"@en ; "HOT supercritical drying"@en , "Supercritical ethanol drying"@en ; "A supercritical drying method in which the organic pore solvent itself is brought above its critical point, as opposed to exchange against supercritical CO2"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HybridAerogel :HybridAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel composed of both organic and inorganic components, combining properties of different material classes"@en ; rdfs:label "Hybrid aerogel"@en ; "An aerogel composed of two or more chemically distinct network components, at least one of which is organic and at least one inorganic, covalently or physically integrated within the same porous framework"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HydrofluoricAcid :HydrofluoricAcid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcidCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hydrogel :Hydrogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :WetGel ; rdfs:comment "A hydrogel is a gel in which the liquid phase consists mainly of water."@en ; rdfs:label "Hydrogel"@en ; "A wet gel in which the liquid pore phase is predominantly water; the intermediate state of a silica sol-gel system before solvent exchange"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hydrolysis :Hydrolysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SolFormation , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :usesSubstance ; owl:someValuesFrom :Water ] ; rdfs:comment "Reaction of a silicon alkoxide precursor with water to generate silanol groups (Si-OH). Rate depends on pH, water-to-alkoxide ratio, and solvent. Acid catalysis accelerates hydrolysis; base catalysis promotes condensation"@en ; rdfs:label "Hydrolysis"@en ; "Nucleophilic substitution of alkoxy groups by hydroxyl groups in the presence of water, yielding silanols as sol-gel intermediates"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HydrophobicityTesting :HydrophobicityTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of water contact angle or water uptake to determine surface hydrophobicity"@en ; rdfs:label "Hydrophobicity testing"@en ; "An analysis that determines the surface hydrophobicity of a material, typically by water contact angle or water uptake measurement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Impregnation :Impregnation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Infiltrating a porous host (fibre mat, foam) with a sol, or a finished aerogel with a functional phase; the standard route to aerogel blankets and composites (see also pmat:Coating)"@en ; rdfs:label "Impregnation"@en ; "Infiltration"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which a liquid phase is infiltrated into a porous host material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/IncompleteDrying :IncompleteDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "The defect state of residual solvent or moisture remaining in the aerogel pores after the drying step. Denotes the persisting residual-liquid feature of the material, not the (incomplete) drying process itself."@en ; rdfs:label "Residual solvent"@en ; "Incomplete drying"@en ; "An aerogel defect consisting of residual solvent or moisture remaining in the pore network of the material after drying"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/InorganicAerogel :InorganicAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerogel ; owl:disjointWith :OrganicAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with an inorganic backbone (e.g. SiO₂, TiO₂, Al₂O₃), typically synthesised from metal alkoxide precursors through sol-gel processing"@en ; rdfs:label "Inorganic aerogel"@en ; "An aerogel whose solid framework consists entirely of inorganic components such as metal oxides, silica, or zero-valent metals, containing no covalently bonded organic groups in the network backbone"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/IonExchange :IonExchange rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Passing a sodium silicate (water glass) solution through a cation exchange resin to replace Na+ with H+, yielding silicic acid sol; the essential desalination step of the water-glass route"@en ; rdfs:label "Ion exchange"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which ions in a solution are replaced by contact with an ion exchange resin, notably the removal of sodium from water glass"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/IronOxideAerogel :IronOxideAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOxideAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with an iron oxide (Fe2O3/Fe3O4) network, typically from FeCl3/epoxide routes; studied for magnetism, catalysis, and energetic composites"@en ; rdfs:label "Iron oxide aerogel"@en ; "Fe2O3 aerogel"@en ; "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of iron oxide"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Isocyanate :Isocyanate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerPrecursor ; rdfs:comment "A di- or polyisocyanate (e.g. MDI, TDI, Desmodur types) that reacts with polyols to form polyurethane aerogels, or with water/amines to form polyurea aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Isocyanate"@en ; "An isocyanate monomer that forms polyurethane or polyurea networks in polymer aerogel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Isopropanol :Isopropanol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/LaserFlash :LaserFlash rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalConductivityTesting . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Lignin :Lignin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MTES :MTES rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MTMS :MTMS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Macroporosity :Macroporosity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "Presence of unintended macropores (> 50 nm) in the aerogel network, causing loss of mesoporosity, reduced surface area, and lower thermal insulation performance. Arises from phase separation or syneresis during gelation"@en ; rdfs:label "Macroporosity"@en ; "An aerogel defect characterised by the presence of unintended pores larger than 50 nm in the otherwise mesoporous network, caused by phase separation or syneresis during gelation, leading to reduced surface area and impaired insulation performance"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MagneticStirrer :MagneticStirrer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment that creates a rotating magnetic field to spin a stir bar for mixing solutions"@en ; rdfs:label "Magnetic stirrer"@en ; "An instrument that mixes a solution by rotating a magnetic stir bar through a rotating magnetic field"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MassFractalDimension :MassFractalDimension rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractalDimension ; owl:disjointWith :SurfaceFractalDimension ; rdfs:comment "The fractal dimension Dm describing the power-law scaling of network mass with length scale in the fractal (low-q) region of the scattering curve, I(q) ∝ q^(−Dm). Values 1.7-2.4 are typical for silica aerogels; lower values indicate more open, chain-like structures"@en ; rdfs:label "Mass fractal dimension"@en ; "Dm"@en , "Mass fractal dimension"@en ; "The mass fractal dimension (1 ≤ Dm ≤ 3) obtained from the slope of the fractal regime of a SAXS/SANS curve, describing how network mass scales with observation length"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MassFraction :MassFraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture or composite, expressed as a fraction or wt%. Covers fibre loading, solid content, silica content, and similar compositional quantities"@en ; rdfs:label "Mass fraction"@en ; "Weight fraction"@en , "wt%"@en ; "A dimensionless quantity representing the ratio of the mass of a component to the total mass of the mixture, commonly expressed in weight percent"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MeanPoreSize :MeanPoreSize rdf:type owl:Class ; owl:equivalentClass ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The average pore diameter of a porous material, typically determined from BJH analysis of desorption isotherms or from small-angle scattering; expressed in nanometres. Aerogels predominantly exhibit mesopores (2-50 nm). Equivalent to pmat:MeanPoreDiameter, which Polymat declares independently for membrane materials"@en ; rdfs:label "Mean pore size"@en ; "Average pore diameter"@en ; "The average equivalent spherical diameter of the pore space distribution in a porous material, expressed in nanometres and typically determined by BJH desorption analysis"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Melamine :Melamine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry :MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PorosityMeasurement . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalAerogel :MetalAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel in which the solid framework is composed of zero-valent metals (e.g., Au, Pt, Ag)"@en ; rdfs:label "Metal aerogel"@en ; "An inorganic aerogel whose solid framework consists of zero-valent metal"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalAlkoxide :MetalAlkoxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOxidePrecursor ; rdfs:comment "A metal compound with alkoxide ligands (M-OR), used as precursors in sol-gel synthesis"@en ; rdfs:label "Metal alkoxide"@en ; "A compound of a metal with alkoxide ligands (M(OR)n), used as a hydrolysable precursor in sol-gel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalOxideAerogel :MetalOxideAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel composed of metal oxide materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃), or zirconia (ZrO₂)"@en ; rdfs:label "Metal oxide aerogel"@en ; "An inorganic aerogel whose solid framework consists of one or more metal oxides"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MetalOxidePrecursor :MetalOxidePrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precursor ; rdfs:comment "A precursor that yields a non-silica metal oxide network (alumina, titania, zirconia, iron oxide, ...); comprises metal alkoxides as well as metal chlorides and nitrates used in epoxide-assisted routes"@en ; rdfs:label "Metal oxide precursor"@en ; "A precursor whose hydrolysis and condensation (or epoxide-assisted gelation) yield a metal oxide network"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Methanol :Methanol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Alcohol . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MicrowaveDrying :MicrowaveDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Drying by volumetric microwave heating of the pore liquid; a fast evaporative route reported for silica and bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Microwave drying"@en ; "A drying method in which the pore liquid is removed by volumetric microwave heating"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Mixing :Mixing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Process of combining two or more substances with mechanical agitation to create a homogeneous solution or suspension"@en ; rdfs:label "Mixing"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which two or more substances are combined under mechanical agitation to yield a homogeneous solution or suspension"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ModulePerformance :ModulePerformance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The ability to process large amounts of feed stream (high permeability) while maintaining high selectivity for the desired substance. Further advantageous properties of a membrane module are fouling resistance, hight mechanical stability and low manufacturing costs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Module performance"@en ; "An analysis that assesses the throughput and selectivity of a separation module"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MolarRatio :MolarRatio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "The ratio of moles between two or more substances in a reaction or mixture. Used to describe stoichiometric proportions of reagents (e.g., H2O/MTMS = 59.75)."@en ; rdfs:label "Molar Ratio"@en ; "A process parameter representing the ratio of amounts of substance (moles) between two or more substances in a reaction or mixture"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Mold :Mold rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A container or form that gives shape to liquid or semi-solid material during gelation, curing, or solidification processes"@en ; rdfs:label "Mold"@en ; "An apparatus consisting of a container or form that imparts shape to a liquid or semi-solid material during gelation, curing, or solidification"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Monolith :Monolith rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Geometry ; rdfs:comment "A material geometry consisting of a single, continuous, bulk piece (often cylindrical or rectangular) as opposed to powders, beads, or films."@en ; rdfs:label "Monolith"@en ; "A sample geometry consisting of a single continuous bulk piece, as opposed to powders, beads, or films"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Nanocellulose :Nanocellulose rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Cellulose . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NetworkConnectivity :NetworkConnectivity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A structural descriptor of the aerogel solid network expressing the average number of siloxane bonds per node; related to cross-linking density and mechanical stiffness. Determined from solid-state NMR (Q2/Q3/Q4 species) or SAXS"@en ; rdfs:label "Network connectivity"@en ; "Cross-linking density"@en ; "The average number of siloxane (or equivalent) bonds per network node, quantifying the degree of cross-linking. Determined from 29Si NMR Q-species ratios: Q2 (2 siloxane bonds), Q3 (3), Q4 (4, fully connected)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NitricAcid :NitricAcid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcidCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Nitrogen :Nitrogen rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gas . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NonuniformStructure :NonuniformStructure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "Spatial inhomogeneity in aerogel structure, density, or properties, typically caused by non-uniform gelation or drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Non-uniform structure"@en ; "An aerogel defect consisting of spatial inhomogeneity in the structure, density, or properties of the material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Opacity :Opacity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "Loss of optical transparency in aerogel, typically caused by large pores, density inhomogeneities, or structural defects"@en ; rdfs:label "Opacity"@en ; "An aerogel defect consisting of reduced or absent optical transparency of the material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement :OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of light transmission through aerogel at various wavelengths"@en ; rdfs:label "Optical transmittance measurement"@en ; "An analysis that measures the fraction of incident light transmitted through a material at given wavelengths"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganicAerogel :OrganicAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel in which the solid framework is composed of organic macromolecules (polymers, biopolymers) rather than inorganic networks or elemental carbon"@en ; rdfs:label "Organic aerogel"@en ; "An aerogel whose solid framework consists of an organic polymer network (e.g. resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyimide, cellulose). Distinguished from carbon aerogels by retention of organic functional groups and from inorganic aerogels by the absence of metal oxide or silica frameworks"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganicPrecursor :OrganicPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precursor ; rdfs:comment "A small organic molecule that polycondenses into an organic gel network (resorcinol-formaldehyde and related chemistries); the parent chemistry of organic and, after pyrolysis, carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Organic precursor"@en ; "An organic monomer that forms an organic polymer network by polycondensation in sol-gel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganosilicaAerogel :OrganosilicaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :HybridAerogel ; owl:disjointWith :SilicaAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel derived from organosilica precursors (e.g. MTMS, BTMSE) in which organic groups are covalently bonded within the silica network, imparting hydrophobicity and flexibility compared to pure silica aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Organosilica aerogel"@en ; "Hybrid silica aerogel"@en , "Methylsilica aerogel"@en ; "A hybrid aerogel in which organic functional groups are incorporated into the inorganic silica backbone via covalent Si–C bonds"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OrganosiliconCompound :OrganosiliconCompound rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Any compound containing silicon–carbon bonds; includes silanes, siloxanes, and silicon alkoxides used as precursors in sol–gel chemistry"@en ; rdfs:label "Organosilicon Compound"@en ; "A chemical compound containing at least one silicon-carbon bond"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Oven :Oven rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dryer ; rdfs:comment "A thermally insulated chamber used for drying, heating, or thermal treatment of materials at controlled temperatures. In aerogel processing, ovens are used for ambient pressure drying and post-treatment heat curing"@en ; rdfs:label "Oven"@en ; "A dryer consisting of a thermally insulated chamber for drying, heating, or thermal treatment at controlled temperature"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OverheadStirrer :OverheadStirrer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Mechanical stirring equipment mounted above container for mixing viscous solutions or gels"@en ; rdfs:label "Overhead stirrer"@en ; "An instrument with a motor-driven impeller mounted above the vessel, used for mixing viscous solutions or gels"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OxalicAcid :OxalicAcid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AcidCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PEDS :PEDS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PHAdjuster :PHAdjuster rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance used to control pH during gelation or processing, such as acids or bases"@en ; rdfs:label "pH adjuster"@en ; "A substance added to control the pH of a mixture during gelation or processing"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PHCondition :PHCondition rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "The pH level maintained during a sol-gel process step (sol formation, gelation, aging). Acid conditions (pH 1-5) favour hydrolysis; base conditions (pH 7-10) favour condensation. pH is controlled by addition of acid or base catalysts. As a ProcessParameter this class is an om:Quantity, so the preferred value pattern is om:hasValue pointing to a dimensionless om:Measure (see gmat:PHValue); gmat:hasPHValue remains available as a datatype shortcut"@en ; rdfs:label "pH condition"@en ; "A process parameter specifying the hydrogen ion concentration of the reaction medium, expressed on a scale of 0-14, that governs the relative rates of hydrolysis and condensation in sol-gel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PHValue :PHValue rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The pH of a solution or reaction medium as a dimensionless quantity (0-14). Preferred over the datatype shortcut gmat:hasPHValue when the value should participate in the om:Quantity/om:Measure pattern; a gmat:PHCondition process parameter carries its magnitude as a PHValue-style dimensionless om:Measure"@en ; rdfs:label "pH value"@en ; "pH"@en ; "A dimensionless quantity representing the negative decadic logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity of a solution"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ParticleSize :ParticleSize rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The diameter or dimension of the primary particles making up the aerogel framework"@en ; rdfs:label "Particle size"@en ; "A quantity representing the characteristic dimension of the primary particles composing a material framework"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pectin :Pectin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiopolymerPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PhaseSeparation :PhaseSeparation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GelationPathway ; rdfs:comment "A gelation mechanism driven by the separation of phases within the sol"@en ; rdfs:label "Phase separation"@en ; "A gelation pathway in which network formation is driven by separation of the sol into distinct phases"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Phenol :Phenol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PhenolicAerogel :PhenolicAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An organic aerogel derived from phenolic resin precursors"@en ; rdfs:label "Phenolic aerogel"@en ; "An organic aerogel derived from phenolic resin precursors such as resorcinol-formaldehyde"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PoissonRatio :PoissonRatio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The negative ratio of transverse strain to axial strain under uniaxial load; a dimensionless elastic constant. Reported for aerogels to characterise their compressible, low-Poisson network (often 0.1-0.2)"@en ; rdfs:label "Poisson ratio"@en ; "Poisson's ratio"@en ; "The dimensionless ratio of transverse contraction strain to longitudinal extension strain in the direction of an applied uniaxial load"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolyimideAerogel :PolyimideAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An organic aerogel based on polyimide polymer chains"@en ; rdfs:label "Polyimide aerogel"@en ; "A polymer aerogel whose network is formed from polyimide chains"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolymerAerogel :PolymerAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Aerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel composed of organic polymer networks, such as resorcinol-formaldehyde, polyurethane, or polyimide aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Polymer aerogel"@en ; "An aerogel whose solid network is composed of organic polymer chains"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolymerPrecursor :PolymerPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precursor ; rdfs:comment "A monomer or oligomer that forms a synthetic polymer aerogel network by step-growth chemistry: dianhydrides and diamines (polyimide), isocyanates and polyols (polyurethane/polyurea)"@en ; rdfs:label "Polymer precursor"@en ; "A monomer or oligomer that forms a synthetic polymer network in polymer aerogel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Polyol :Polyol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerPrecursor ; rdfs:comment "A polyfunctional alcohol that reacts with isocyanates to form the polyurethane network of polyurethane aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Polyol"@en ; "A polyfunctional alcohol monomer that forms polyurethane networks with isocyanates"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PolyurethaneAerogel :PolyurethaneAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :PolymerAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel based on a polyurethane polymer network formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols"@en ; rdfs:label "Polyurethane aerogel"@en ; "A polymer aerogel whose network is formed by the reaction of polyisocyanates with polyols"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PoreSizeDistribution :PoreSizeDistribution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A statistical description of the range and frequency of pore sizes within a porous material, typically determined by BJH analysis or mercury intrusion porosimetry. Aerogels predominantly feature mesopores (2-50 nm)"@en ; rdfs:label "Pore size distribution"@en ; "A material property describing the statistical distribution of pore sizes within a porous material, typically characterised by BJH analysis of N₂ adsorption isotherms."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PoreVolume :PoreVolume rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The volume of open pores per unit mass of a porous material, as reported in the literature from N2 physisorption (total pore volume at p/p0 ~ 0.99) or mercury intrusion; conventionally given in cm3/g (= 0.001 m3/kg). A specific (mass-normalised) volume, hence placed directly under om:Quantity rather than om:Volume, with canonical unit m3/kg"@en ; rdfs:label "Pore volume"@en ; "Specific pore volume"@en , "Total pore volume"@en ; "A quantity representing the total volume of open pores per unit mass of a porous material"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PorodExponent :PorodExponent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The power-law exponent P of the scattering intensity, I(q) ∝ q^(−P), in the high-q region. Directly read from the scattering slope: 1 ≤ P ≤ 3 indicates a mass fractal (P = Dm), while 3 < P ≤ 4 indicates a surface fractal (P = 6 − Ds), with P = 4 for a smooth (Porod) interface"@en ; rdfs:label "Porod exponent"@en ; "Power-law exponent"@en , "Scattering exponent"@en ; "The dimensionless power-law exponent of small-angle scattering intensity versus q, from which the mass fractal (P = Dm) or surface fractal (P = 6 − Ds) dimension is derived"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Porosity :Porosity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The ratio of void volume to total volume in a porous material, expressed as a fraction or percentage. Aerogels typically exhibit porosity > 90%, which directly impacts their thermal, acoustic, and mechanical properties"@en ; rdfs:label "Porosity"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the fraction of void space in a material relative to its total volume; expressed as an om:Measure with unit fraction (0–1) or percent."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PorosityMeasurement :PorosityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of pore volume, pore size distribution, and surface area, typically using BET or BJH methods"@en ; rdfs:label "Porosity measurement"@en ; "An analysis that determines pore volume, pore size distribution, or related textural properties of a porous material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Precursor :Precursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A chemical entity that is chemically converted into the solid network of a gel during sol-gel synthesis. Grouped by material family: silica, metal oxide, organic, polymer, and biopolymer precursors. The function in a specific step is additionally stated through the role pattern (prov:hadRole some gmat:PrecursorRole)"@en ; rdfs:label "Precursor"@en ; "A chemical entity that reacts to form the solid network of a gel in sol-gel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PrecursorRole :PrecursorRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that is chemically converted into the solid network of the gel (e.g. TEOS in a silica synthesis, resorcinol and formaldehyde in an RF synthesis)"@en ; rdfs:label "Precursor role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that serves as the network-forming reactant of a sol-gel synthesis step"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PressurePlate :PressurePlate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A device to apply and distribute a precise, uniform compressive load."@en ; rdfs:label "Pressure Plate"@en ; "An instrument that applies and distributes a precise, uniform compressive load to a specimen"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PressureProfile :PressureProfile rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "Pressure conditions including set points, ramp rates, and hold times during a process"@en ; rdfs:label "Pressure profile"@en ; "A process parameter representing the pressure conditions of a process, including set points, ramp rates, and hold times"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PressureVessel :PressureVessel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Container designed to hold gases or liquids at pressure different from ambient"@en ; rdfs:label "Pressure vessel"@en ; "Equipment consisting of a container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different from ambient"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pressurization :Pressurization rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Controlled increase of pressure during supercritical drying to bring the drying fluid above its critical point, typically performed at controlled ramp rate"@en ; rdfs:label "Pressurization"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which pressure is increased in a controlled manner, in supercritical drying bringing the drying fluid above its critical point"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ProcessParameter :ProcessParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "A quality (in the BFO sense) that characterises the material inputs or setup of a synthesis process — e.g. a molar or volume ratio of reagents, a pH condition, or a stirring rate. Modelled as a quality that inheres in an independent continuant (typically the reacting mixture / sol), carrying its numeric magnitude via an om:Measure. Achieved, per-run values (not plan prescriptions). Also a subclass of om:Quantity (itself under pmat:Feature), so that process parameters can carry values via om:hasValue and satisfy the pmat:Feature domain of pmat:isParameterOf."@en ; rdfs:label "Process parameter"@en ; "A quality inhering in an independent continuant that characterises the material inputs or setup of a synthesis process, recording an achieved per-run value"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pycnometer :Pycnometer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Device for measuring volume and density of materials, typically using helium displacement"@en ; rdfs:label "Pycnometer"@en ; "Helium pycnometer"@en ; "An instrument that measures the volume and density of a material, typically by gas displacement"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pyrolysis :Pyrolysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:comment "Thermal decomposition of an organic aerogel in inert atmosphere (N2, Ar), typically 600-1100 degC, converting it into a carbon aerogel"@en ; rdfs:label "Pyrolysis"@en ; "Carbonisation"@en , "Carbonization"@en ; "A thermal treatment in inert atmosphere that decomposes an organic network into carbon; the route from organic to carbon aerogels"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/RamanSpectroscopy :RamanSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Raman scattering spectroscopy; for carbon aerogels the D/G band ratio quantifies graphitisation, for oxides it identifies phases"@en ; rdfs:label "Raman spectroscopy"@en ; "An analysis that records inelastic (Raman) light scattering to characterise molecular and lattice vibrations"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/RatioValue :RatioValue rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A value node representing the numerical proportion between substances in a ratio; a dimensionless om:Measure pointed to by a ProcessParameter quality, not a quality itself. Single-valued ratios carry om:hasNumericalValue (xsd:double, unit om:one; two-part ratio a:b = a/b) for numeric querying, alongside the display string in gmat:hasRatioString. Multi-component ratios (e.g. '1:10:4:4') are represented by the string only."@en ; rdfs:label "Ratio Value"@en ; "A dimensionless measure holding the numerical proportion between substances in a ratio, referenced by a process parameter quality"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/RawData :RawData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Original, unprocessed data collected directly from experiment"@en ; rdfs:label "Raw data"@en ; "Original, unprocessed data collected directly from an experiment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Reinforcement :Reinforcement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A material embedded in an aerogel matrix as a reinforcing or functional filler phase - fibres, nanocarbons, clays. Linked from a gmat:CompositeAerogel with gmat:hasReinforcement; the function in a synthesis step is stated with prov:hadRole some gmat:ReinforcementRole"@en ; rdfs:label "Reinforcement"@en ; "A substance incorporated into a composite aerogel as reinforcing or functional filler phase"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ReinforcementRole :ReinforcementRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance embedded as a reinforcing or filler phase in a composite (e.g. glass fibre, cellulose fibre, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes)"@en ; rdfs:label "Reinforcement role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance incorporated into a composite to improve its mechanical or functional properties"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Resorcinol :Resorcinol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SANS :SANS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SAXS :SAXS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Shrinkage :Shrinkage rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The relative dimensional change (linear or volumetric) of a gel during the drying process, expressed as a fraction or percentage. High shrinkage indicates capillary-force-driven pore collapse, common in ambient pressure drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Shrinkage"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the linear dimensional change of a gel or aerogel during processing (drying, aging) relative to the original gel dimension; expressed as an om:Measure with unit percent."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Silanol :Silanol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A silicon hydroxide species (Si-OH) formed as an intermediate during hydrolysis of silicon alkoxide precursors. Silanols undergo condensation to form siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds and build the gel network"@en ; rdfs:label "Silanol"@en ; "An intermediate species containing a silicon-bound hydroxyl group (Si-OH), the key reactive monomer formed by hydrolysis of silicon alkoxides in sol-gel processing"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilicaAerogel :SilicaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :InorganicAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a pure silicon dioxide (SiO₂) backbone, typically produced from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS) via the sol-gel process followed by supercritical drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Silica aerogel"@en ; "SiO₂ aerogel"@en ; ; "An inorganic aerogel in which the solid network consists predominantly of amorphous SiO₂, giving low density (0.003–0.35 g/cm³), high surface area (> 500 m²/g), and low thermal conductivity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilicaPrecursor :SilicaPrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Precursor ; rdfs:comment "A precursor that yields a silica (SiO2) or organosilica network, comprising silicon alkoxides (TEOS, TMOS, MTMS, ...) and silicates (sodium silicate / water glass)"@en ; rdfs:label "Silica precursor"@en ; "A precursor whose hydrolysis and condensation yield a silica or organosilica network"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilicatePrecursor :SilicatePrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SilicaPrecursor ; rdfs:comment "An inorganic silicate salt used as a low-cost silica source, typically requiring an ion exchange or acid neutralisation step to remove the alkali cations before or during gelation"@en ; rdfs:label "Silicate precursor"@en ; "An inorganic silicate used as a silica source in the water-glass route to silica gels"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganosiliconCompound , :SilicaPrecursor ; rdfs:comment "A subclass of organosilicon compounds with silicon bound to alkoxy groups (Si–OR); commonly employed as sol–gel precursors for silica networks"@en ; rdfs:label "Silicon alkoxide precursor"@en ; "A silicon compound bearing hydrolysable alkoxy groups (Si-OR), employed as a sol-gel precursor for silica or organosilica networks"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilylationAgent :SilylationAgent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A reactive organosilicon compound used to replace silanol surface groups with alkylsilyl groups, rendering the gel surface hydrophobic. Applied during surface modification before ambient pressure drying. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:SilylationAgentRole]"@en ; rdfs:label "Silylation agent"@en ; "Silylating agent"@en ; "A reactive organosilicon compound that replaces surface silanol groups with alkylsilyl groups, rendering a gel surface hydrophobic"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SilylationAgentRole :SilylationAgentRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance that silylates surface silanol groups during a surface modification step; distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:SilylationAgent"@en ; rdfs:label "Silylation agent role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that replaces surface silanol groups with alkylsilyl groups during surface modification"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Sintering :Sintering rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:comment "High-temperature densification of a porous network by viscous flow or diffusion below the melting point; used deliberately for densification or as an unwanted effect limiting the service temperature of aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Sintering"@en ; "A thermal treatment that densifies a porous solid by particle coalescence below the melting point"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SkeletalDensity :SkeletalDensity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Density ; rdfs:comment "The mass of a porous body divided by the volume of its solid skeleton only, excluding open pore space; determined by helium pycnometry (gmat:SkeletalDensityMeasurement). Typically 1800-2200 kg/m3 (1.8-2.2 g/cm3) for silica aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Skeletal density"@en ; "True density"@en ; "The density of the solid skeleton of a porous material, computed over the skeletal volume that excludes open pores; measured by gas displacement (helium) pycnometry"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SkeletalDensityMeasurement :SkeletalDensityMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of true density of solid material in aerogel, typically using helium pycnometry"@en ; rdfs:label "Skeletal density measurement"@en ; "An analysis that determines the density of the solid skeleton of a porous material, typically by helium pycnometry"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Slabs :Slabs rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Geometry ; rdfs:comment "A flat, thick piece of material, typically rectangular in shape, often used for thermal conductivity measurements."@en ; rdfs:label "Slab"@en ; "A sample geometry consisting of a flat, thick, typically rectangular piece, often used for thermal conductivity measurements"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumCarbonate :SodiumCarbonate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumHydroxide :SodiumHydroxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BaseCatalyst . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumSilicate :SodiumSilicate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SilicatePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Sol :Sol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A colloidal suspension of solid particles in a liquid, formed during the initial stage of sol-gel synthesis before gelation occurs"@en ; rdfs:label "Sol"@en ; "A colloidal suspension of solid particles dispersed in a liquid, constituting the initial stage of sol-gel synthesis prior to gelation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolConcentration :SolConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The molar or mass concentration of the precursor monomer in the sol (mol/L or wt%). Controls the density and pore volume of the final aerogel"@en ; rdfs:label "Sol concentration"@en ; "The molar or mass concentration of the precursor monomer in the starting sol, governing the density of the resulting aerogel; higher concentrations yield denser, stronger, less porous aerogels"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolFormation :SolFormation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Condensation ] , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom :Hydrolysis ] ; rdfs:comment "Process of creating a colloidal suspension (sol) by mixing precursors, solvents, and catalysts before gelation. Comprises hydrolysis of alkoxide groups and condensation of silanol intermediates"@en ; rdfs:label "Sol formation"@en ; "The first stage of sol-gel synthesis in which precursor molecules undergo hydrolysis and initial condensation to form a stable colloidal suspension (sol) of nanoscale particles or oligomers in a solvent"@en ; :hasStepOrder "1"^^xsd:positiveInteger . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolGelPolymerisation :SolGelPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GelationPathway ; rdfs:comment "A gelation pathway involving the polymerization of precursors via sol-gel chemistry"@en ; rdfs:label "Sol-gel polymerisation"@en ; "A gelation pathway in which the network forms by polymerisation of precursors via hydrolysis and condensation reactions"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolGelTransition :SolGelTransition rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment "The gel point event at which the sol loses fluidity and transitions to a solid gel network due to percolation of the condensing silica network. Characterised by a sharp increase in viscosity and loss of flow. Placed under gmat:CreationProcess (not under gmat:Gelation, whose usesSubstance existentials would be wrongly inherited by an instantaneous event) so that it is visible to anything that enumerates synthesis steps; the containment in gelation is expressed by gmat:Gelation asserting BFO_0000051 (has part) some SolGelTransition"@en ; rdfs:label "Sol-gel transition"@en ; "Gel point"@en , "Gelation point"@en ; "The critical event (gel point) at which percolation of the condensing network spans the reaction volume, converting the flowable sol into a solid gel; marked by divergence of viscosity and loss of steady-state flow"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolidStateNMR :SolidStateNMR rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy (29Si, 13C, 27Al); 29Si Q/T-species ratios quantify network connectivity (gmat:NetworkConnectivity) and condensation degree; performed on a pmat:NMRSpectrometer"@en ; rdfs:label "Solid-state NMR spectroscopy"@en ; "ssNMR"@en ; "An analysis that records nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of solid samples, typically under magic-angle spinning"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SolventExchange :SolventExchange rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :transformsGel ; owl:someValuesFrom :WetGel ] ; rdfs:comment "Process of systematically replacing pore liquid in wet gel structures (hydrogels or alcogels) with a more volatile or supercritical-compatible solvent through multiple washing cycles"@en ; rdfs:label "Solvent exchange"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which the pore liquid of a wet gel is progressively replaced by a target solvent (e.g. ethanol, acetone, or liquid CO2) to remove water and residual reactants before drying"@en ; :hasStepOrder "4"^^xsd:positiveInteger . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Sonication :Sonication rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Application of ultrasound to disperse particles (fibres, GO, CNT) in a sol, accelerate hydrolysis, or degas a mixture"@en ; rdfs:label "Sonication"@en ; "Ultrasonication"@en ; "A sample preparation step in which ultrasound is applied to disperse, mix, or degas a liquid system"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SpecificHeatCapacity :SpecificHeatCapacity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by one degree, typically expressed in J/(kg*K). Relevant for aerogel thermal energy storage applications"@en ; rdfs:label "Specific heat capacity"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of material by one kelvin; expressed as an om:Measure with unit J/(kg·K)."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SpecificSurfaceAreaMeasurement :SpecificSurfaceAreaMeasurement rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of specific surface area of porous materials, typically performed using gas adsorption methods such as BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) analysis"@en ; rdfs:label "Specific surface area measurement"@en ; "An analysis that determines the specific surface area of a porous material, typically by gas physisorption"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SpringbackFailure :SpringbackFailure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "Incomplete recovery of pore volume after capillary compression during ambient pressure drying; the gel does not fully spring back to its wet-gel dimensions due to insufficient surface silylation or network weakness"@en ; rdfs:label "Springback failure"@en ; "An aerogel defect in which the gel network fails to recover its original pore volume after capillary compression during ambient pressure drying, due to insufficient hydrophobisation or network weakness, yielding higher density and lower surface area than expected"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Starch :Starch rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :BiopolymerPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Stirring :Stirring rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Mixing ; rdfs:comment "Mechanical agitation of a solution or sol at a controlled stirring rate (gmat:StirringRate) using magnetic or overhead stirrers"@en ; rdfs:label "Stirring"@en ; "A mixing step performed by mechanical agitation at a controlled stirring rate"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/StirringRate :StirringRate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "Rotation speed of stirring mechanism during mixing, typically measured in RPM"@en ; rdfs:label "Stirring rate"@en ; "A process parameter representing the rotation speed of the stirring mechanism during mixing"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/StockSolution :StockSolution rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A concentrated solution prepared in advance and stored for repeated use in synthesis procedures to ensure consistency across multiple experiments"@en ; rdfs:label "Stock solution"@en ; "A concentrated solution of defined composition prepared in advance and stored for repeated use in synthesis procedures"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/StructuralCollapse :StructuralCollapse rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :AerogelDefect ; rdfs:comment "The defect state of a collapsed or densified aerogel network, typically caused by capillary forces during improper drying. Denotes the persisting collapsed-structure feature of the material, not the collapse event."@en ; rdfs:label "Collapsed structure"@en ; "Structural collapse"@en ; "An aerogel defect consisting of a collapsed or densified region of the solid network in which the original porous structure is lost"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalCO2 :SupercriticalCO2 rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupercriticalFluid ; owl:disjointWith :SupercriticalEthanol . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalDryer :SupercriticalDryer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Dryer ; rdfs:comment "Specialized equipment for supercritical drying that heats and pressurizes fluid (typically CO2) above its critical point to extract solvents from gel materials"@en ; rdfs:label "Supercritical dryer"@en ; "Autoclave"@en ; "A dryer that heats and pressurises a fluid above its critical point to extract pore solvent from a gel without capillary stress"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalDrying :SupercriticalDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Drying method using supercritical fluid (typically CO2) to remove solvent from porous materials while preserving the nanoscale structure by avoiding capillary forces"@en ; rdfs:label "Supercritical drying"@en ; "A drying method in which the pore liquid is brought above its critical temperature and pressure before venting to gas phase, eliminating the liquid-vapour interface and thus capillary stress, preserving the aerogel network"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalEthanol :SupercriticalEthanol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SupercriticalFluid ; rdfs:comment "Ethanol in supercritical state (above 241°C and 61.4 bar), alternative to CO2 for aerogel drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Supercritical ethanol"@en ; "Ethanol in the supercritical state, used as a high-temperature alternative drying medium in supercritical drying of gels"@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalFluid :SupercriticalFluid rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance at temperature and pressure above its critical point, exhibiting properties between gas and liquid phases"@en ; rdfs:label "Supercritical fluid"@en ; "A substance held at a temperature and pressure above its critical point, exhibiting properties intermediate between those of a gas and a liquid"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalFluidRole :SupercriticalFluidRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance used in its supercritical state as the extraction medium of a supercritical drying step (typically CO2 or ethanol)"@en ; rdfs:label "Supercritical fluid role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that serves as the supercritical extraction medium in a supercritical drying step"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceArea :SurfaceArea rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The specific surface area (BET) of a porous material in m2/g, measured by N2 physisorption and analysis of the adsorption isotherm using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model. Aerogels typically exhibit 200-1000 m2/g"@en ; rdfs:label "Surface area"@en ; "BET surface area"@en , "Specific surface area"@en ; "The total internal and external surface area of a porous material per unit mass, determined by BET N2 physisorption; the primary indicator of aerogel texture and catalytic or adsorption capacity"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceFractalDimension :SurfaceFractalDimension rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :FractalDimension ; rdfs:comment "The fractal dimension Ds describing the roughness/self-similarity of the solid-pore interface, obtained from the Porod region of the scattering curve, I(q) ∝ q^(−(6−Ds)). Values 2 ≤ Ds < 3, where Ds = 2 denotes a smooth surface and values toward 3 denote an increasingly rough, space-filling interface"@en ; rdfs:label "Surface fractal dimension"@en ; "Ds"@en ; "The surface fractal dimension (2 ≤ Ds ≤ 3) obtained from the Porod region of a SAXS/SANS curve, quantifying the roughness of the solid-pore interface"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceModification :SurfaceModification rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Chemical treatment to alter aerogel surface properties, such as hydrophobization or functionalization"@en ; rdfs:label "Surface modification"@en ; "Chemical treatment of the internal pore surfaces of a wet gel to alter surface chemistry, typically to introduce hydrophobic groups that prevent capillary collapse during ambient pressure drying"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfaceSilylation :SurfaceSilylation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SurfaceModification , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :hasSilylationAgent ; owl:someValuesFrom :SilylationAgent ] ; rdfs:comment "Chemical modification of wet gel surface Si-OH groups by reaction with a silylating agent (TMCS, HMDS) to replace surface hydroxyls with hydrophobic alkylsilyl groups. Essential pre-treatment before ambient pressure drying to prevent capillary collapse"@en ; rdfs:label "Surface silylation"@en ; "Hydrophobic surface modification"@en , "TMCS treatment"@en ; "A surface modification step in which surface silanol groups (Si-OH) react with a chlorosilane or silazane reagent (e.g. TMCS, HMDS) to install hydrophobic trialkylsilyl groups, enabling ambient pressure drying"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Surfactant :Surfactant rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A surface-active agent used to stabilize emulsions or modify interfacial properties in synthesis. Convenience class typed by chemical nature; the primary way to state the function in a given step is the role pattern: step gmat:usesSubstance substance, substance prov:hadRole [a gmat:SurfactantRole]"@en ; rdfs:label "Surfactant"@en ; "A surface-active agent that lowers interfacial tension, used to stabilise emulsions or modify interfacial properties during synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SurfactantRole :SurfactantRole rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The role of a substance acting as a surface-active agent (emulsion stabiliser, pore templating agent) in a given step; distinct from the convenience substance class gmat:Surfactant"@en ; rdfs:label "Surfactant role"@en ; "A role borne by a substance that lowers interfacial tension or templates porosity during a synthesis step"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SynthesisProtocol :SynthesisProtocol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A plan specification (recipe/protocol) that prescribes how a sol-gel synthesis is to be carried out. As a generically dependent continuant it is the reusable, copyable information artifact that a concrete synthesis process (an occurrent) realises. Distinguishes the recipe from any individual run of it."@en ; rdfs:label "Synthesis protocol"@en ; "A generically dependent continuant that is an information artifact prescribing the ordered activities, materials, and conditions for carrying out a sol-gel synthesis; realised by one or more concrete synthesis processes."@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SyringePump :SyringePump rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointWith :VacuumPump ; rdfs:comment "A precision fluid delivery device that uses a motor-driven plunger to dispense exact volumes at controlled flow rates. Used in aerogel synthesis for controlled addition of reagents or for supercritical fluid delivery"@en ; rdfs:label "Syringe Pump"@en ; "A pump that dispenses precise fluid volumes at controlled flow rates by means of a motor-driven plunger"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TEMImaging :TEMImaging rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TMOS :TMOS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Tannin :Tannin rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :OrganicPrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TapDensity :TapDensity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Density ; rdfs:comment "The bulk density of a powder or granulate after mechanical tapping of the container until no further volume change occurs; relevant for aerogel powders, beads, and granulates"@en ; rdfs:label "Tap density"@en ; "The density of a powder or granular material measured after tapping the container to a constant volume"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TemperatureProfile :TemperatureProfile rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "Temperature conditions including set points, ramp rates, and hold times during a process. Use this class only for temperature programmes (ramps, multi-segment profiles); a single constant temperature value should be modelled as an om:Temperature instance linked to the process with pmat:isParameterOf"@en ; rdfs:label "Temperature profile"@en ; "A process parameter representing the temperature conditions of a process, including set points, ramp rates, and hold times"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TemperatureRamping :TemperatureRamping rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalTreatment ; rdfs:comment "Controlled heating or cooling process during synthesis or drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Temperature ramping"@en ; "A creation process step in which temperature is increased or decreased at a controlled rate during synthesis or drying"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TensileClamps :TensileClamps rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A tool specialized to securely hold a specimen while a pulling (tensile) force is applied."@en ; rdfs:label "Tensile Clamps"@en ; "An instrument that securely grips a specimen while a tensile force is applied"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Tetraethoxysilane :Tetraethoxysilane rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor , , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty ; owl:someValuesFrom ] . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalConductivity :ThermalConductivity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The property of a material to conduct heat, defined as the rate of heat flow through a unit thickness per unit area per unit temperature difference. For aerogels, low thermal conductivity is a key performance metric, with values typically in the range 0.012-0.025 W/(m*K)"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal conductivity"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the rate of heat transfer through a material; expressed as an om:Measure with unit W/(m·K). Lower values indicate better thermal insulation."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalConductivityTesting :ThermalConductivityTesting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Measurement of heat transfer properties through aerogel material"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal conductivity testing"@en ; "An analysis that measures the heat transport properties of a material"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalDiffusivity :ThermalDiffusivity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The rate at which heat diffuses through a material, equal to thermal conductivity divided by the product of density and specific heat capacity, expressed in m^2/s. Very low for aerogels, reflecting their insulating behaviour"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal diffusivity"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the rate of thermal diffusion through a material (thermal conductivity / (density × specific heat capacity)); expressed as an om:Measure with unit m²/s"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalExpansionCoefficient :ThermalExpansionCoefficient rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The fractional change in length (linear) per unit change in temperature at constant pressure, expressed in K^-1. OM-2 defines no dedicated class, so this quantity is placed directly under om:Quantity with a reciprocal-kelvin canonical unit"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal expansion coefficient"@en ; "CTE"@en , "Coefficient of thermal expansion"@en , "Linear thermal expansion coefficient"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the linear coefficient of thermal expansion, i.e. the relative change in a material's length per unit temperature change at constant pressure; expressed as an om:Measure with unit K⁻¹"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalInsulation :ThermalInsulation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Application ; rdfs:comment "Use of a material to suppress heat transfer - building insulation, industrial piping, aerospace thermal protection; the dominant aerogel application"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal insulation"@en ; "The application of a material as a barrier against heat transfer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermalTreatment :ThermalTreatment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment "A high-temperature post-treatment of a dried gel or aerogel - pyrolysis/carbonisation, calcination, curing, sintering. Characterised by a temperature (om:Temperature or gmat:TemperatureProfile), a gmat:Duration, a gmat:HeatingRate, and a gas atmosphere (gmat:hasAtmosphere)"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermal treatment"@en ; "Heat treatment"@en ; "A creation process step in which a material is held at elevated temperature under a controlled atmosphere to transform its composition or structure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermogravimetricAnalysis :ThermogravimetricAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TitaniaAerogel :TitaniaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOxideAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a TiO2 network, typically from titanium isopropoxide; studied for photocatalysis"@en ; rdfs:label "Titania aerogel"@en ; "TiO2 aerogel"@en ; "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of titanium dioxide"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TitaniumIsopropoxide :TitaniumIsopropoxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalAlkoxide . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TransientHotWire :TransientHotWire rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ThermalConductivityTesting ; rdfs:comment "Transient thermal conductivity measurement from the temperature rise of a line heat source embedded in the sample; includes the related transient plane source (Hot Disk) variant"@en ; rdfs:label "Transient hot wire method"@en ; "Hot wire method"@en , "Transient plane source"@en ; "A transient thermal conductivity measurement based on the temperature response of an embedded line or plane heat source"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Transmittance :Transmittance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The fraction of incident electromagnetic radiation that passes through a material at a given wavelength. Transparent silica aerogels can exhibit > 90% transmittance in the visible range"@en ; rdfs:label "Transmittance"@en ; "A material property quantity representing the fraction of incident light transmitted through a material at a specified wavelength; expressed as an om:Measure with unit percent or dimensionless (0–1)."@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Triflex :Triflex rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A device for physisorption measurements, including pore size distribution and specific surface area analysis."@en ; rdfs:label "Triflex"@en ; "A physisorption analysis instrument used for specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Trimethylchlorosilane :Trimethylchlorosilane rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SilylationAgent . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TwoStepCatalysis :TwoStepCatalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gelation ; rdfs:comment "Two-stage acid-then-base catalysis route: an acid pre-hydrolysis step produces partially hydrolysed monomers; subsequent base addition (typically ammonium hydroxide or ammonium fluoride) triggers rapid condensation and gelation. Common route for MTMS and TEOS aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Two-step acid-base catalysis"@en ; "Acid-base two-step"@en , "Two-step catalysis"@en ; "A sol-gel route combining an acid pre-hydrolysis step with a subsequent base addition step that triggers rapid condensation and gelation; standard route for MTMS and BTMSE aerogel synthesis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TwoStepCatalysisPathway :TwoStepCatalysisPathway rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :GelationPathway , [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :realisedAs ; owl:someValuesFrom :TwoStepCatalysis ] ; rdfs:label "Two-Step Catalysis Pathway"@en ; "A gelation pathway combining an acid pre-hydrolysis step with a subsequent base addition step; the standard pathway for MTMS and BTMSE-based aerogel synthesis."@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Urea :Urea rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VTMS :VTMS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :SiliconAlkoxidePrecursor . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VacuumDrying :VacuumDrying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Drying method performed under reduced pressure to lower solvent boiling point and facilitate removal"@en ; rdfs:label "Vacuum drying"@en ; "A drying method performed under reduced pressure to lower the solvent boiling point and facilitate solvent removal"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VacuumPump :VacuumPump rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Device for removing gas molecules from a sealed volume to create partial vacuum"@en ; rdfs:label "Vacuum pump"@en ; "A pump that removes gas molecules from a sealed volume to create a partial vacuum"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VolumeRatio :VolumeRatio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "The ratio of volumes between two or more substances in a mixture or solution. Used to describe the proportions of reagents by volume (e.g., MTMS:MeOH = 1:10)."@en ; rdfs:label "Volume Ratio"@en ; "A process parameter representing the ratio of volumes between two or more substances in a mixture or solution"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VolumetricFlowRate :VolumetricFlowRate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Rate at which a volume of fluid flows through a system, typically measured in ml/h or L/min. Used to characterize pump speeds and fluid delivery rates in synthesis processes."@en ; rdfs:label "Volumetric Flow Rate"@en ; "A quantity representing the volume of fluid passing through a system per unit time"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/WashingCycle :WashingCycle rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Individual iteration of solvent replacement during solvent exchange process"@en ; rdfs:label "Washing cycle"@en ; "A single iteration of solvent replacement within a solvent exchange procedure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Water :Water rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Water (H2O), used as a reactant in hydrolysis reactions during sol-gel synthesis and as the liquid phase in hydrogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Water"@en ; "The chemical substance H2O, serving as a reactant in hydrolysis reactions and as the pore liquid in hydrogels"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/WaterToSilicaRatio :WaterToSilicaRatio rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MolarRatio ; rdfs:comment "The molar ratio of water to silicon alkoxide precursor (r = [H2O]/[Si]) used in sol preparation. Controls degree of hydrolysis; r < 4 gives incomplete hydrolysis for TEOS; higher r values favour fully hydrolysed sols"@en ; rdfs:label "Water-to-silica ratio"@en ; "H2O:Si ratio"@en , "r-ratio"@en ; "The molar ratio r = [H2O]/[Si] of water to silicon alkoxide precursor; governs the completeness of hydrolysis. Stoichiometric full hydrolysis of TEOS requires r = 4; r < 4 yields partially hydrolysed species; r >> 4 produces fully hydrolysed, more condensed networks"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/WetGel :WetGel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel ; rdfs:comment "A gel containing liquid within its porous network structure, formed after gelation and before drying. The liquid phase determines the specific type (hydrogel if water, alcogel if alcohol)."@en ; rdfs:label "Wet gel"@en ; "A gel whose pore network is filled with a liquid phase, existing after gelation and before drying"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/XPSAnalysis :XPSAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/XRayDiffraction :XRayDiffraction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Xerogel :Xerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :Gel ; rdfs:comment "A dried gel with a collapsed or partially collapsed pore structure, formed when a wet gel is dried under ambient conditions causing capillary forces to shrink the network"@en ; rdfs:label "Xerogel"@en ; "A dried gel formed when a wet gel is dried under ambient conditions; capillary forces during liquid evaporation partially or fully collapse the pore network, resulting in a denser material than the corresponding aerogel"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/YoungsModulus :YoungsModulus rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The ratio of tensile (or uniaxial) stress to axial strain in the linear-elastic region of the stress-strain curve, expressed in Pa. Characterises the intrinsic stiffness of the aerogel solid network; typically 10^4-10^7 Pa for silica aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Young's modulus"@en ; "Elastic modulus"@en , "Modulus of elasticity"@en ; "The elastic modulus relating uniaxial stress to axial strain in the linear-elastic regime; equal to the slope of the initial linear portion of the stress-strain curve"@en ; :hasCanonicalUnit . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ZirconiaAerogel :ZirconiaAerogel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalOxideAerogel ; rdfs:comment "An aerogel with a ZrO2 network, typically from zirconium n-propoxide or ZrOCl2/epoxide routes; used in catalysis and high-temperature insulation"@en ; rdfs:label "Zirconia aerogel"@en ; "ZrO2 aerogel"@en ; "A metal oxide aerogel whose solid framework consists of zirconium dioxide"@en . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ZirconiumPropoxide :ZirconiumPropoxide rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :MetalAlkoxide . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ATRPPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A living polymerisation process where the chain initiation and chain propagation steps are atom transfer radical addition reactions. Often the atom transfer involves a radical halogen atom and the reaction is catalysed by a transition metal species (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000684)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Atom transfer radical polymerisation"@en ; "ATRP polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Analysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An act of determining the physical properties or chemical composition of an object"@en ; rdfs:label "Analysis"@en ; , . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/AnionicPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainGrowthPolymerisation ; rdfs:comment """An ionic polymerisation in which the active centers are anionic (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000636)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Anionic polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/AnnotatedData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Experimental data with additional information or labels assigned to them"@en ; rdfs:label "Annotated data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Apparatus rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A thing designed to carry out a particular task or activity during experiment (e.g. containing a chemical reaction, measuring liquids), not plugged into an electrical source, not a machine"@en ; rdfs:label "Apparatus"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Arithmetic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Calculations involving the traditional operations on numbers (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation, extraction of roots)."@en ; rdfs:label "Arithmetic"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/AtomicForceMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A microscope which uses a sharp spike tip mounted on the end of a cantilever to scan the surface of the specimen; an image of the surface is obtained by mechanically moving the probe in a raster scan of the specimen, line by line, and recording the force experienced by the tip as a function of position; a feedback loop is used to maintain a fixed relationship between the tip and surface during scanning (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000954)"""@en , """A scanning probe microscope that has nanometer resolution. It consists of a microscale cantilever, a laser, an array of photodiodes and a detection system (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C78804)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Atomic force microscope"@en ; "AFM"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Author rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The originator or creator of a work"@en ; rdfs:label "Author"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/BlockCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A polymer which is composed of two or more blocks of homopolymers in a linear sequence. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53511)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Block copolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/BoilingPoint rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The temperature at which a liquid experiences a phase transition or aggregation state change into the gas phase"@en ; rdfs:label "Boiling point"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Building rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An enclosed construction with walls and roof"@en ; rdfs:label "Building"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Calculation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The process of finding an amount or number using mathematics."@en ; rdfs:label "Calculation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Catalyst rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change"@en ; rdfs:label "Catalyst"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/CationicPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainGrowthPolymerisation ; rdfs:comment """An ionic polymerisation in which the active centers are cationic (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000638)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Cationic polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/CharacteristicPeakValueOfEDXSpectrum rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Peak value in an EDX spectrum that is unique for a chemical substance"@en ; rdfs:label "Characteristic peak value of EDX spectrum"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/CharacteristicPeakValueOfFTIRSpectrum rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Peak value in an FTIR spectrum that is unique for a chemical substance"@en ; rdfs:label "Characteristic peak value of FTIR spectrum"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ChemicalAnalysis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The process of identifying, separating and quantifying the components of a sample to understand its nature and composition. (https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/chemistry/chemical-analysis/e)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Chemical analysis"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Clerk rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A person who serves clients performing laboratory duties"@en ; rdfs:label "Clerk"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Client rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A person who receives or buys laboratory service"@en ; rdfs:label "Client"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Coating rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Applying a covering to the surface of an object (usually referred to as the substrate)"@en ; rdfs:label "Coating"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ComputationalModel rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The use of computers to simulate and study a complex system or a procedure"@en ; rdfs:label "Computational model"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Computer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An electronic device used to process information that can be stored in the form of numbers or a continuous signal"@en ; rdfs:label "Computer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/CoordinationPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainGrowthPolymerisation ; rdfs:comment """A form of polymerisation that is catalyzed by transition metal salts and complexes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_polymerization)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Coordination polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Copolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A polymer composed of macromolecules that are derived from two or more species of monomer (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60804) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53310)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Copolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/CouplingReactionPolycondensation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A polycondensation enabled by coupling reactions, formation of new carbon-carbon bonds catalysed by metal complexes"@en ; rdfs:label "Coupling reaction polycondensation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/CrystallizationTemperature rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A factor which influences the formation of a crystal (highly ordered structure of atoms, ions, or molecules) from a liquid o more rarely directly from gas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Crystallization temperature"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DataFormat rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The definition of the structure of data within a database or file system that gives the information its meaning (https://c3.ai/glossary/features/data-format/)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Data format"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DataRepository rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A space or location where data is stored"@en ; rdfs:label "Data repository"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DataType rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "specific category of data"@en ; rdfs:label "Data type"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Device rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A physical thing made to fulfill a specific purpose"@en ; rdfs:label "Device"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DifferentialScanningCalorimeter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment that is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes for both a sample and a reference (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0002200)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Differential scanning calorimeter"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DiffusionCoefficient rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The proportionality constant between the molar flux of dissolved species (number of moles per unit time per unit area) due to diffusion and the negative value of the gradient in the concentration of the species (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_diffusivity)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Diffusion coefficient"@en ; "Diffusivity"@en , "Mass diffusivity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DigitalData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data that exist in digital environments, e.g. digital files"@en ; rdfs:label "Digital data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/DigitalLocation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An electronic location used for communication between computer systems"@en ; rdfs:label "Digital location"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Dissolving rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Adding the object into a liquid and creating a homogeneous mixture (liquid in liquid = diluting, solid in liquid = dissolving)"@en ; rdfs:label "Dissolving"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Document rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "Records providing information or evidence of a process, an event or a subject that serves as an authority or for reference"@en ; rdfs:label "Document"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Downsizing rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Reducing in volume and weight"@en ; rdfs:label "Downsizing"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Drying rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drying)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Drying"@en ; "The final step of aerogel synthesis in which the pore liquid is removed from the wet gel while preserving the porous network structure; route determines whether the product is an aerogel (structure preserved) or xerogel (structure collapsed)"@en ; :hasStepOrder "5"^^xsd:positiveInteger . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ELN rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A computer software developed to replace paper laboratory notebooks to help document experiments"@en ; rdfs:label "ELN"@en , "Electronic Laboratory Notebook"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ELNRecords rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Digital and organised documentation of laboratory activities and data within an Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) system"@en ; rdfs:label "ELN records"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Elastomer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A polymer that displays rubber-like elasticity (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/ET07547)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Elastomer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ElectricTestingEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment that applies a voltage or current to a sample for analysis"@en ; rdfs:label "Electric testing equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/EnvelopeProduction rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment """Preparation of an envelope (pocket), two membrane sheets separated by a highly porous support (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Envelope production"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Equipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; owl:disjointWith ; rdfs:comment "A set of instruments and other elements (e.g. tools) designed to perform a certain activity, powered by electricity, in a stand-alone setup"@en ; rdfs:label "Equipment"@en ; , . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ErlenmeyerFlask rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A type of laboratory flask (with a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck) used to contain liquids and for liquid handling processes"@en ; rdfs:label "Erlenmeyer flask"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Experiment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A process in which hypothesis is tested in a controllable environment or a collection of quantitative data that describes a property of an entity or event."@en ; rdfs:label "Experiment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ExperimentRequestSubmission rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A process of requesting for an experiment to be performed."@en ; rdfs:label "Experiment request submission"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FOSSSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A computer software considered both free software and open-source software"@en ; rdfs:label "FOSS software"@en , "Free and open-source software"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FTIRSpectrometer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Equipment consisting of an infrared laser, an interferometer and a detector, which is used to measure spectra in the infrared range; the spectrometer measures the amount of infrared radiation not absorbed by the sample, and the application of a Fourier transform converts the resulting time domain digital signal into a frequency domain digital signal (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001823)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometer"@en ; "FTIR spectrometer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Feature rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A distinctive attribute or aspect of something,"@en ; rdfs:label "Feature"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Feed rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The substance that is directed into the membrane for filtration"@en ; rdfs:label "Feed"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Fitting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A process of choosing value for parameters in a mathematical function to best describe a set of data."@en ; rdfs:label "Fitting"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetEnvelopeModule rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Assembly of envelopes (pockets), each containing two membrane sheets separated by a highly porous support; in a module several such envelopes are wound around a tube to create a tangential flow geometry and to reduce membrane fouling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Flat sheet envelope module"@en ; "Flat sheet spiralwound module"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetMembraneCasting rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Manual or machine preparation of a membrane by extending a polymer solution over a planar support followed by solvent evaporation or coagulation in a nonsolvent (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/flat-sheet-membrane)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Flat sheet membrane casting"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetMembraneCoating rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Adding a layer which delivers the desired membrane property (e.g., high selectivity) (https://liqtech.com/ceramic-membranes-dpf/silicon-carbide-ceramic-membrane/what-does-the-membrane-coating-do/)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Flat sheet membrane coating"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatSheetSpiralwoundModule rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """flat sheet spiral wound module = Flat sheet envelope module – assembly of envelopes (pockets), each containing two membrane sheets separated by a highly porous support. In a module several such envelopes are wound around a tube to create a tangential flow geometry and to reduce membrane fouling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Flat sheet spiralwound module"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatsheetMembraneCastingMachine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A machine to create flatsheet membranes by blade-casting a solution onto a, usually nonwoven, substrate"@en ; rdfs:label "Flatsheet membrane casting machine"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/FlatsheetMembraneCoatingMachine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A machine to coat an additional layer onto a flatsheet membrane by blade-casting a solution onto it"@en ; rdfs:label "Flatsheet membrane coating machine"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GasPermeationEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure properties of the permeation of gases through membranes"@en ; rdfs:label "Gas permeation equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GasPermeationPressureIncreaseMachine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure gas permeation properties in membranes in dependence of the pressure of the feed gas"@en ; rdfs:label "Gas permeation pressure increase machine"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GasPermeationTimeLagMachine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure gas permeation properties in membranes in dependence of time at constant feed gas pressure"@en ; rdfs:label "Gas permeation time lag machine"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GenericDevice rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A concrete device identified by its function or type, without needing to specify a unique identifier or detailed characteristics (e.g., any thermometer used to measure temperature)"@en ; rdfs:label "Generic device"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GeoLocation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Geographic coordinates of something"@en ; rdfs:label "GeoLocation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GlassTransitionTemperature rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The gradual and reversible transition in amorphous materials (or in amorphous regions within semicrystalline materials) from a hard and relatively brittle glassy state into a viscous or rubbery state as the temperature is increased (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_transition)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Glass transition temperature"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GradientCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A copolymer with a gradual change in monomer composition along the polymer chain from predominantly one species to predominantly the other, unlike with block copolymers, which have an abrupt change in composition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_copolymer)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Gradient copolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/GraftCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A special type of branched copolymer wherein the side chains are structurally distinct from the main chain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copolymer)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Graft copolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/HollowFiberMembraneSpinning rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Production of hollow fiber membranes by extrusion of polymer melt or solution through a spinneret (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_fiber_membrane)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Hollow fiber membrane spinning"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/HollowFibreMembraneSpinningEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A machine to create hollow fibre membranes by extruding a solution through one or multiple nozzles into a precipitation bath"@en ; rdfs:label "Hollow fibre membrane spinning equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/HollowFibreModule rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A bundle of hollow fibres packed in a pressure vessel, with the permeate passing either out of the fibers (bore-side feed) or into them (shell-side feed) (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/hollow-fibre-module)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Hollow fibre module"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Homopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A polymer derived from identical monomer units (http://materialsmine.org/ns/Homopolymer)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Homopolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/HotPlate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An electric instrument that creates a hot surface"@en ; rdfs:label "Hot plate"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ImageData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data produced by scanning a surface with an optical or electronic device; visual information in the form of pictures, graphics or photographs"@en ; rdfs:label "Image data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ImagingAFM rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Scanning a surface with an atomic force microscope for obtaining the morphology and mechanical properties of a sample"@en ; rdfs:label "Imaging AFM"@en , "Imaging Atomic Force Microscopy"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ImagingSEM rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Obtaining the surface morphology and, in special cases, the chemical composition of a sample with a scanning electron microscope."@en ; rdfs:label "Imaging SEM"@en , "Imaging Scanning Electron Microscopy"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Inhibitor rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change"@en ; rdfs:label "Inhibitor"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/InhouseSoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A computer software developed in-house with a given organisation by itself, often for internal use only"@en ; rdfs:label "Inhouse software"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Initiator rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance that creates reactive species"@en ; rdfs:label "Initiator"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/InputData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data provided as input to a laboratory process, experiment, measurement or device to produce desired outcomes"@en ; rdfs:label "Input data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Instrument rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A device used to perform measurements or manipulate variables to monitor or control values of certain parameters, usually powered by electricity"@en ; rdfs:label "Instrument"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Laboratory rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A place (a building, part of a building or other place) equipped for doing experiments (e.g. chemistry laboratory) or scientific tests (e.g. computer laboratory)"@en ; rdfs:label "Laboratory"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/LaboratoryNotebook rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Complete records of laboratory research or experiment"@en ; rdfs:label "Laboratory Notebook"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Linux rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Family of Unix-like operating systems that use the Linux kernel and are open source (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q388)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Linux"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/LiquidPermeationEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure properties of the permeation of liquids through membranes"@en ; rdfs:label "Liquid permeation equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Location rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A particular place where something happens or is situated (or exists)"@en ; rdfs:label "Location"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MacOS rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Operating system for Apple computers (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14116)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Mac OS"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Maintainer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A person who is trained to keep a given device in good condition or develop procedures to be performed using the device"@en ; rdfs:label "Maintainer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MassConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The mass of a solute per unit volume of a mixture (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C179798)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Mass concentration"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MeanDomainSize rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Characteristic length of a locally defined, homogeneous volume in a material, a mean value of several measurements"@en ; rdfs:label "Mean domain size"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MeanPoreDiameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Characteristic length of a locally defined hole in a membrane, a mean value of several measurements"@en ; rdfs:label "Mean pore diameter"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MechanicalTestingEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure mechanical properties of a sample"@en ; rdfs:label "Mechanical testing equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MeltingTemperature rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The temperature at which a material changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase"@en ; rdfs:label "Melting temperature"@en ; "Melting point"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneChamber rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A chamber enclosing a membrane and directing the feed fluid to the membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Membrane chamber"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneEnvelopeWeldingMachine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment that connects different layers on the outside edge of a membrane envelope, i.e. membrane layers, spacer layers, cover layers, etc, by welding."@en ; rdfs:label "Membrane envelope welding machine"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneFabrication rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment """Techniques for membrane preparation, e.g. casting, extrusion, interfacial polymerisation (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-01095-3_4)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Membrane fabrication"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembraneMorphology rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The shape as well as the external and internal structure of a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Membrane morphology"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembranePerformanceForGases rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Filtration properties for a sustance in gases of a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Membrane performance for gases"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MembranePerformanceForLiquids rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Filtration properties for substances in liquids of a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Membrane performance for liquids"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Metadata rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data that provides information about other data, e.g. describes characterististics or attributes of experimental data (such as the data source, units of measurements, data quality indicators)"@en ; rdfs:label "Metadata"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Method rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A systematic procedure for accomplishing something (the-how)"@en ; rdfs:label "Method"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Microscope rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment which is used to generate an image of the surface of a specimen, whether by focusing reflected light onto where it can be collected or by scanning a given area of the surface (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000953)"""@en , """An optical equipment that uses a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of very small objects (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C50069)"""@en , """Equipment which magnifies the view on objects under increased resolution (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400169)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Microscope"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MicrosoftWindows rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Family of computer operating systems developed by Microsoft (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1406)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Microsoft Windows"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Modelling rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The activity of using mathematical models to predict certain values of parameters or make calculations."@en ; rdfs:label "Modelling"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Module rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Several membranes arranged sequentially in a container"@en ; rdfs:label "Module"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ModuleFabrication rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment """Arranging membranes into a unit with housing, feed inlet, concentrate outlet, and permeate outlet (https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/membrane-module)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Module fabrication"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ModuleQualityTestingEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment that measures the performance of a membrane module in order to judge its quality"@en ; rdfs:label "Module quality testing equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MolarPermeability-Diffusion rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The permeability multiplied by density and divided by molar mass of the permeating fluid P* = V･d･rho / (A･t･p･M) = D･rho / (p･M) P* = molar permeability (diffusion) V = Volume of the permeate [m³] rho = density of the permeate [kg/m³] M = molar mass of the permeate [kg/mol] d = thickness of the membrane [m] A = area of the membrane [m²] t = time of diffusion [s] p = pressure difference [atm] D = Diffusion coefficient = diffusivity [m²/s] The SI unit is mol/(m･s･atm)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Molar permeability (diffusion)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MolecularWeightCutOff rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) - the molecular weight of the molecule that is 90% retained by the membrane (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_weight_cut-off)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Molecular weight cut off"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/MolecularWeightCutOffSetup rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure the maximum size of a molecule that is permeating in a solution through a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Molecular weight cut off setup"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Monomer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A chemical subunit, i.e. the molecule of a chemical substance, that can undergo polymerisation by bonding to other subunits and form a polymer (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C63845)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Monomer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/NMRSpectrometer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment used to conduct nuclear magnetic resonance experiments consisting of a magnet housing a sample space surrounded by two coils which act to transmit radio frequency radiation to the sample and to detect the response of the sample (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001807)"""@en , """Equipment used to analyze the molecular structure of a material by observing and measuring the interaction of nuclear spins when placed in a powerful magnetic field (https://www.jeol.com/products/science/nmr.php)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer"@en ; "NMR spectrometer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/NominalMeasure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Combines a number to a unit of a result of an nominal value (theoretical or designated value used as a reference point) of a given quantity"@en ; rdfs:label "Nominal measure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/NumericData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data consisting of numerical values representing measurements or quantities"@en ; rdfs:label "Numeric data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Object rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A thing to which a specific action is directed but not a person"@en ; rdfs:label "Object"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ObservedParameter rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "Actual measurement or manifestation of a parameter - as a variable of a laboratory process or its elements, reflecting its value or characteristic as recorded or noted during the laboratory process"@en ; rdfs:label "Observed parameter"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/OperatingSystem rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A software system that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides a platform for running applications"@en ; rdfs:label "Operating system"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/OpticalMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A type of microscope that commonly uses visible light and a system of lenses to generate magnified images of small objects or structures (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope)"""@en , """A microscope (device to magnify small objects) in which objects are lit directly by white light. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28265)"""@en , """A piece of equipment, consisting of an eyepiece, an objective lens, object turret, stage, and light source, which collects electromagnetic radiation in the visible range (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000947)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Optical microscope"@en ; "Light microscope"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/OutputData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data generated by a device or produced as a result of a laboratory process, experiment, measurement, data analysis and other data tranformations"@en ; rdfs:label "Output data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Permeability-Diffusion rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Describes the penetration of a permeate (a fluid such as a liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid (such as a membrane); it is directly proportional the materials' diffusion coefficient and inversly proportional to the concentration or pressure gradient of the permeate P = V･d / (A･t･p) = D / p P = permeability (diffusion) V = Volume of the permeate [m³] d = thickness of the membrane [m] A = area of the membrane [m²] t = time of diffusion [s] p = pressure difference [atm] D = Diffusion coefficient = diffusivity [m²/s] The SI unit of the permeability (diffusion) is m²/(s･atm); the proportional unit E-10･cm²/(s･Torr) is commonly called Barrer."""@en ; rdfs:label "Permeability (diffusion)"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Permeate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The substance that passes through or penetrated the membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Permeate"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Person rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "An individual human being"@en ; rdfs:label "Person"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PersonalLocalHardDrive rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A physical storage device directly connected to a personal computer that is used to store/manage digital data"@en ; rdfs:label "Personal local hard drive"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PersonalServerDrive rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A storage device connected to a dedicated server that is used to host/manage digital data"@en ; rdfs:label "Personal server drive"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PhysicalData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data in the form of physical objects, e.g. paper files"@en ; rdfs:label "Physical data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PhysicalLocation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A physical structure (e.g. building) or space (e.g. room) or place (e.g. geographical location)"@en ; rdfs:label "Physical location"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Plastic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A synthetic or semi-synthetic material that use polymers as a main ingredient; due to plasticity, it can be molded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Plastic"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Polyaddition rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """An all-degree polymerisation that proceeds by addition reactions (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000643) A polymerisation in which the growth of polymer chains proceeds by addition reactions between molecules of all degrees of polymerisation (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000266)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Polyaddition"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Polycondensation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """An all-degree polymerisation that proceeds by condensation reactions (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000644) Polymerization by a repeated condensation process (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000252) Formation of a polymer by chemical condensation with the elimination of small molecules, e.g. water (https://www.dictionary.com/browse/polycondensation)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Polycondensation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Polymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A material made of long, macromolecular chains of repeating molecular units"@en , """A mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc. (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60027)"""@en , """A molecule composed of a connected set of monomeric residues (http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000314)"""@en , """A substance or material consisting of very large molecules, or macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PROCO_0000054)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Polymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PolymerBlend rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A macroscopically homogeneous mixture of two or more polymers (homopolymers or copolymers) that have been blended together to create a new material with different physical properties (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/materials/special_issues/polymer_blend)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Polymer blend"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PolymerSynthesis rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :CreationProcess ; rdfs:comment """A chemical reaction in which monomers are joined together by covalent bonding to form polymer structures (https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/en/applications/materials-science-and-engineering/polymer-synthesis)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Polymer synthesis"@en ; "Polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/PressureIncrease rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Measuring the time until reaching a certain permeate pressure during a gas permeability measurement on a membrane. For a single experiment, the feed pressure is set at the beginning and decreases over time due to permeatation. (https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes9020022)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Pressure increase"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Procedure rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "An executed procedure consisting of a set of activities carried out as the accepted way of doing something. This class denotes the occurrent that unfolds in time, not the recipe/plan that prescribes it — for the latter, see gmat:SynthesisProtocol. Axioms deliberately match Polymat 1.1.0 (BFO occurrent + prov:Entity) so that resolving the owl:imports of Polymat does not introduce conflicting redeclarations. Note: Procedure is placed under BFO occurrent (BFO_0000003) rather than BFO process (BFO_0000015) because Polymat maps BFO_0000015 to prov:Activity, which PROV-O declares disjoint from prov:Entity."@en ; rdfs:label "Procedure"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ProcessedData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data derived from raw data through various transformations, calculations, filtering or other operations"@en ; rdfs:label "Processed data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Product rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance that results from a chemical reaction"@en ; rdfs:label "Product"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ProprietarySoftware rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A (closed-source) computer software that is considered a property of its creators or owners and is distributed under licences that restrict access to its source code"@en ; rdfs:label "Proprietary software"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Protocol rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An official or formal record of an experiment, procedure or process"@en ; rdfs:label "Protocol"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Publication rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A book (or a part of it), report or a similar format that is published"@en ; rdfs:label "Publication"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Pump rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An electric instrument that builds pressure to move a fluid"@en ; rdfs:label "Pump"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/RAFTPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A type of living polymerisation involving a conventional radical polymerisation which is mediated by a RAFT agent (a thiocarbonylthio compound); this affords control over the generated molecular weight and polydispersity (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible_addition%E2%88%92fragmentation_chain-transfer_polymerization)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerisation"@en ; "RAFT polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/RadicalPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ChainGrowthPolymerisation ; rdfs:comment """A chain polymerisation in which the active centers are radicals (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MOP_0000639)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Radical polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/RandomCopolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A copolymer consisting of macromolecules in which the probability of finding a given monomeric unit at any given site in the chain is independent of the nature of the adjacent units (https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/R05126)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Random copolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Reactant rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A substance that is consumed in a chemical reaction"@en ; rdfs:label "Reactant"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Recipe rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A specification of ingredients, proportions and methods necessary to produce an expected product"@en ; rdfs:label "Recipe"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Request rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A document providing information about procedure (e.g. laboratory test) being requested for"@en ; rdfs:label "Request"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Result rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The outcome or findings obtained from conducting an experiment, representing data, measurements, observations or conclusions from the laboratory procedure"@en ; rdfs:label "Result"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Retentate rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The substance that is retained by and not passing through a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Retentate"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Retention rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Withholding a substance by a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Retention"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/RetentionTestSetup rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure the retention of a certain molecule when permeating in a solution through a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Retention test setup"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Role rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "A purpose that something has or a function that something plays in a particular situation, under certain conditions, within a given process etc."@en ; rdfs:label "Role"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Room rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A portion of space inside of a building separated by walls or partitions from other parts"@en ; rdfs:label "Room"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/RuntimeEnvironment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A piece of software that is designed to run other software"@en ; rdfs:label "Runtime environment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/SRMPPolymerisation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A radical polymerisation method used to synthesize polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and reactive end groups on each polymer chain; astabilized radical (e.g., TEMPO) is applied to control the molecular weight (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_Free_Radical_Polymerization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_polymerization)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Stable radical-mediated polymerisation"@en ; "SRMP polymerisation"@en , "Stable-free-radical-mediated (SFRP) polymerisation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Sample rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A small subset or portion of an object used to represent the whole of it"@en ; rdfs:label "Sample"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/SamplePreparation rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An action of creating a sample or getting it ready for some procedure"@en ; rdfs:label "Sample preparation"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ScanningElectronMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment which is used to produce an enlarged image of a specimen by scanning a finely focused (<10 nm diameter) electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 50–150 kV across the specimen under vacuum and measuring the interaction of the electrons with the specimen (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0000941)"""@en , """An electron microscope that scans the surface of a sample with a beam of electrons and detects the interaction of the electrons with the atoms on the surface to produce a topographical image of the sample (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C78814)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Scanning electron microscope"@en ; "SEM"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/SecondaryElectronDetector rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An instrument that absorbs and amplifies secondary electrons in an electron microscope"@en ; rdfs:label "Secondary electron detector"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/SecureData rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Data with sensitive or confidential content that needs to be protected from unauthorised access, loss, or alteration"@en ; rdfs:label "Secure data"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Selectivity rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The ratio of permeability of the relevant substances for a membrane, for example, in a binary gas separation it is the permeability ratio of two gases. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_gas_separation#:~:text=The%20selectivity%20of%20a%20membrane,two%20gases%20in%20binary%20separation)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Selectivity"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Software rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf , ; rdfs:comment "A set of instructions, data or programs used by a computer"@en ; rdfs:label "Software"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Solubility rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The ability of a substance, the solute, to form a solution with another substance, the solvent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Solubility"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Solute rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A solid or liquid that is dissolved homogeneously in a liquid"@en ; rdfs:label "Solute"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Solvent rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A liquid (including water and ionic liquids) that is able to dissolve a solid or another liquid"@en ; rdfs:label "Solvent"@en ; "Organic solvent"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Specimen rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An individual object taken for study or analysis, representing a class of objects"@en ; rdfs:label "Specimen"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Spectrometer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment used to measure a spectrum (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001234)"""@en , """A type of analytical equipment used to measure certain physical properties such as energy, mass and wavelength via the dispersion of radiant energy or particles into a spectrum (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C62336)"""@en , """Scientific equipment used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon; the primary application is the determination of chemical composition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrometer)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Spectrometer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Stress rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A measure of the forces acting on an object during deformation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)) Equivalent to om:Stress, which Gelmat declares locally as the parent of om:CompressiveStress and gmat:FlexuralStrength; the equivalence keeps the Polymat and OM stress hierarchies merged under one concept"""@en ; rdfs:label "Stress"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Substance rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A physical material with particular properties"@en ; rdfs:label "Substance"@en ; "Compound"@en , "Matter"@en ; . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/TargetConcentration rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf :ProcessParameter ; rdfs:comment "A designed or nominal concentration for a reagent in a synthesis, as distinct from the achieved concentration. Deviations arise from weighing or volumetric uncertainties"@en ; rdfs:label "Target concentration"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/TensileTest rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A standardized materials science and engineering method in which a solid sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure; properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, breaking strength, maximum elongation, and reduction in area; from these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus (modulus of elasticity), Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_testing)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Tensile test"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/TensileTestMachine rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Equipment for carrying out standardized tensile tests on a solid sample to determine its mechanical properties (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_testing#Equipment)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Universal testing machine"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Terpolymer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A polymer that results from copolymerization of three discrete monomers (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terpolymer)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Terpolymer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ThermodynamicTestEquipment rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Equipment for measurement of physical parameters (e.g., temperature, heat energy) in thermodynamic systems (isolated, closed, or open) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_instruments) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Thermodynamic test equipment"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ThermogravimetricAnalyzer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment, consisting of a quartz or alumina chamber, a balance, a sample pan and a heating mechanism, which is used to record the mass of a sample as a function of increasing temperature (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0002121)"""@en , """Equipment for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in which the mass of a sample is measured over time as the temperature changes; it provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption and desorption; as well as chemical phenomena including chemisorption, thermal decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or reduction) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermogravimetric_analysis)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Thermogravimetric analyzer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Thermometer rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "An instrument that records and displays the temperature"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermometer"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Thermoplastic rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A plastic that can be deformed by heating in a certain temperature range (thermoplastic); this process is reversible and can be repeated as often as desired by cooling and reheating, as long as no thermal decomposition of the material occurs (https://thermoplasticcomposites.de/en/2023/01/23/the-world-of-plastics/)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Thermoplastic"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/Thermoset rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A plastic that retains its state and shape after curing, the process is irreversible due to cross-linked polymer chains (https://thermoplasticcomposites.de/en/2023/01/23/the-world-of-plastics/)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Thermoset"@en ; "Duromer"@en , "Duroplast"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/TimeLag rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A method commonly used to characterize gas separation membranes. It allows the determination of diffusion, permeability, and solubility coefficients from a single dynamic gas permeation experiment; for this experiment, a homogeneous membrane is exposed to a step increase in pressure at one side of the membrane (feed side) and the feed pressure remains constant, while the other side (permeate side) of the membrane remains under vacuum; the diffusion and permeability coefficients are then determined from the resulting permeate pressure-time curve; the solubility coefficient is the permeability coefficient divided by the diffusion coefficient (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118715)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Time lag"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/TransmissionElectronMicroscope rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """A piece of equipment which is used to produce an enlarged image of an electron transparent specimen using a finely focused (<10 nm diameter) electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 50–150 kV under vacuum; the energies and intensities of the transmitted electrons are measured (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001099)"""@en , """A type of microscope that uses magnetic lenses to transmit a beam of electrons through a thin sample; the electrons are then focused on a fluorescent screen or another detector to form an enlarged image (https://www.photonics.com/EDU/transmission_electron_microscope_TEM/d7604)"""@en , """An electron microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a finely sliced section of a specimen and creates an image of the sample based on its effect on the phase of the electrons that pass through (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C78813)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Transmission electron microscope"@en ; "TEM"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/UltimateTensileStrength rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """The maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched before breaking (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Ultimate tensile strength"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/User rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "A person who is trained to use a specific device"@en ; rdfs:label "User"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/WaterFlux rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "The rate at which water permeates a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Water flux"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/WaterPermeabilitySetup rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment "Equipment to measure the permeability of water through a membrane"@en ; rdfs:label "Water permeability setup"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ZetaPotentialSetup rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Equipment to measure Zeta potential (electrokinetic potential) in colloidal dispersions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_potential)"""@en ; rdfs:label "Zeta potential setup"@en . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/4PointResistanceSetup rdf:type owl:Class ; rdfs:subClassOf ; rdfs:comment """Equipment to measure the electrical impedance by four-terminal sensing (4T sensing, 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method) technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual two-terminal (2T) sensing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-terminal_sensing)"""@en ; rdfs:label "4-Point resistance setup"@en . ################################################################# # Individuals ################################################################# ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/APTES :APTES rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "APTES" ; "919-30-2" ; "3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AceticAcid :AceticAcid rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "64-19-7" ; "acetic acid" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Alginate :Alginate rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9005-38-3" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/AluminiumSecButoxide :AluminiumSecButoxide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "2269-22-9" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Argon :Argon rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "7440-37-1" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/BTMSE :BTMSE rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "BTMSE" ; "18406-41-2" ; "1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonDioxide :CarbonDioxide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "124-38-9" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CarbonNanotube :CarbonNanotube rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "CNT" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Cellulose :Cellulose rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9004-34-6" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Chitosan :Chitosan rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9012-76-4" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/CitricAcid :CitricAcid rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "77-92-9" ; "2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DeionizedWater :DeionizedWater rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "DI water" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/DifferentialScanningCalorimetry :DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "DSC" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Dimethylformamide :Dimethylformamide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "DMF" ; "68-12-2" ; "N,N-dimethylformamide" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/EDXAnalysis :EDXAnalysis rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "EDX" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Ethanol :Ethanol rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "EtOH" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/FTIRSpectroscopy :FTIRSpectroscopy rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "FTIR" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Formaldehyde :Formaldehyde rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "50-00-0" ; "formaldehyde" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Formamide :Formamide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "75-12-7" ; "formamide" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Furfural :Furfural rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "98-01-1" ; "furan-2-carbaldehyde" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GPTMS :GPTMS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "GPTMS" ; "2530-83-8" ; "trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Gelatin :Gelatin rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9000-70-8" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Glycerol :Glycerol rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "56-81-5" ; "propane-1,2,3-triol" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/GrapheneOxide :GrapheneOxide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "GO" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Heptane :Heptane rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "142-82-5" ; "heptane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hexamethyldisilazane :Hexamethyldisilazane rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "HMDS" ; "999-97-3" ; "N-trimethylsilyl-1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Hexane :Hexane rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "110-54-3" ; "hexane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/HydrofluoricAcid :HydrofluoricAcid rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "7664-39-3" ; "hydrogen fluoride" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Isopropanol :Isopropanol rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "IPA" ; "67-63-0" ; "propan-2-ol" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/LaserFlash :LaserFlash rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "LFA" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Lignin :Lignin rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9005-53-2" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MTES :MTES rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "MTES" ; "2031-67-6" ; "triethoxy(methyl)silane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MTMS :MTMS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "MTMS" ; "1185-55-3" ; "trimethoxy(methyl)silane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Melamine :Melamine rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "108-78-1" ; "1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry :MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "MIP" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Methanol :Methanol rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "MeOH" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Nanocellulose :Nanocellulose rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "CNF" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/NitricAcid :NitricAcid rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "7697-37-2" ; "nitric acid" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Nitrogen :Nitrogen rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "7727-37-9" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/OxalicAcid :OxalicAcid rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "144-62-7" ; "oxalic acid" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/PEDS :PEDS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "PEDS" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Pectin :Pectin rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9000-69-5" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Phenol :Phenol rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "108-95-2" ; "phenol" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Resorcinol :Resorcinol rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "108-46-3" ; "benzene-1,3-diol" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SANS :SANS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "SANS" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SAXS :SAXS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "SAXS" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumCarbonate :SodiumCarbonate rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "497-19-8" ; "disodium carbonate" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumHydroxide :SodiumHydroxide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "1310-73-2" ; "sodium hydroxide" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SodiumSilicate :SodiumSilicate rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "1344-09-8" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Starch :Starch rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "9005-25-8" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/SupercriticalCO2 :SupercriticalCO2 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "scCO2" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TEMImaging :TEMImaging rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "TEM" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TMOS :TMOS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "TMOS" ; "681-84-5" ; "tetramethyl orthosilicate" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Tannin :Tannin rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "1401-55-4" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Tetraethoxysilane :Tetraethoxysilane rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "TEOS" ; "78-10-4" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ThermogravimetricAnalysis :ThermogravimetricAnalysis rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "TGA" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/TitaniumIsopropoxide :TitaniumIsopropoxide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "546-68-9" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Trimethylchlorosilane :Trimethylchlorosilane rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "TMCS" ; "75-77-4" ; "chloro(trimethyl)silane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/Urea :Urea rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "57-13-6" ; "urea" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/VTMS :VTMS rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "VTMS" ; "2768-02-7" ; "ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/XPSAnalysis :XPSAnalysis rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "XPS" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/XRayDiffraction :XRayDiffraction rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "XRD" . ### https://w3id.org/gelmat/ZirconiumPropoxide :ZirconiumPropoxide rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual ; "23519-77-9" . ### https://w3id.org/polymat/ rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual . ################################################################# # Annotations ################################################################# :APTES rdfs:comment "(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES, H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3), an amine-functional silica precursor and coupling agent; used for amine-modified aerogels (CO2 sorption) and for cross-linking with epoxies or isocyanates"@en ; rdfs:label "(3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane"@en ; "APTES"@en ; "The amine-functional silicon alkoxide H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3, used as a co-precursor and coupling agent in sol-gel processing"@en . :AceticAcid rdfs:comment "Acetic acid (CH3COOH), a weak carboxylic acid used as mild hydrolysis catalyst and chelating modifier in sol-gel synthesis"@en ; rdfs:label "Acetic acid"@en ; "The carboxylic acid CH3COOH, used as a weak acid catalyst and chelating modifier in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :Alginate rdfs:comment "Alginate (usually sodium alginate from brown algae), ionically gelled with divalent cations (Ca2+) to form alginate bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Alginate"@en ; "Sodium alginate"@en ; ; "The algal polysaccharide of mannuronic and guluronic acid units, ionically gelled to form bio-aerogels"@en . :AluminiumSecButoxide rdfs:comment "Aluminium tri-sec-butoxide (Al(OsBu)3), the standard alkoxide precursor for alumina aerogels via the Yoldas route"@en ; rdfs:label "Aluminium sec-butoxide"@en ; "ASB"@en , "Aluminium tri-sec-butoxide"@en ; "The aluminium alkoxide Al(OC4H9)3 (sec-butoxide ligands), used as a precursor for alumina gels"@en . :Argon rdfs:comment "Argon gas, an inert noble gas atmosphere for pyrolysis and other high-temperature treatments"@en ; rdfs:label "Argon"@en ; "Ar"@en ; "The noble gas Ar, used as inert process atmosphere"@en ; . :BTMSE rdfs:comment "1,2-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane (BTMSE), a bridged bis-silane precursor yielding ethylene-bridged polysilsesquioxane networks with enhanced flexibility and strength"@en ; rdfs:label "1,2-Bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane"@en ; "BTME"@en , "BTMSE"@en ; "A bridged silicon dialkoxide precursor, (CH3O)3Si-CH2CH2-Si(OCH3)3, that forms ethylene-bridged organosilica networks"@en . :CarbonDioxide rdfs:comment "Carbon dioxide gas (CO2), used as physical activation agent for carbon aerogels and as sorption adsorbate; its supercritical state is modelled separately as gmat:SupercriticalCO2"@en ; rdfs:label "Carbon dioxide"@en ; "CO2"@en ; "The gas CO2; in the supercritical state (see gmat:SupercriticalCO2) the standard aerogel drying medium"@en ; . :CarbonNanotube rdfs:comment "Single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes used as conductive reinforcement in aerogel composites and as network formers of CNT aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Carbon nanotube"@en ; "CNT"@en ; "A tubular carbon nanostructure used as conductive reinforcement or network former in aerogels"@en ; . :Cellulose rdfs:comment "Cellulose, the beta-1,4-glucan biopolymer; dissolved-and-regenerated or used as nanocellulose to form cellulose bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Cellulose"@en ; ; "The polysaccharide (C6H10O5)n of beta-1,4-linked glucose units, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en . :Chitosan rdfs:comment "Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin; an amino-polysaccharide gelled by pH change or cross-linkers to form chitosan bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Chitosan"@en ; "The amino-polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en ; . :CitricAcid rdfs:comment "Citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid used as mild catalyst and chelating agent in sol-gel and bio-aerogel synthesis"@en ; rdfs:label "Citric acid"@en ; "The tricarboxylic acid C6H8O7, used as a weak acid catalyst and chelating agent in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :DeionizedWater rdfs:comment "Purified water with ions removed, used in aerogel synthesis to control reaction conditions and avoid contamination"@en ; rdfs:label "Deionized water"@en ; "Water from which dissolved ions have been removed, used to control reaction conditions and avoid ionic contamination"@en . :DifferentialScanningCalorimetry rdfs:comment "Measurement of heat flow to or from a sample relative to a reference during a temperature programme; yields specific heat capacity, glass transitions, and phase change enthalpies; performed on a pmat:DifferentialScanningCalorimeter"@en ; rdfs:label "Differential scanning calorimetry"@en ; "DSC"@en ; "An analysis that measures differential heat flow between a sample and a reference as a function of temperature"@en . :Dimethylformamide rdfs:comment "N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), a polar aprotic solvent for polyimide and polyurethane aerogel synthesis, and a drying control chemical additive (DCCA) in silica sol-gel processing"@en ; rdfs:label "Dimethylformamide"@en ; "DMF"@en , "N,N-Dimethylformamide"@en ; "The polar aprotic solvent HCON(CH3)2, used as reaction solvent for polymer aerogels and as a DCCA in silica sol-gel processing"@en ; . :EDXAnalysis rdfs:comment "Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy performed in an electron microscope, mapping elemental composition of aerogel samples"@en ; rdfs:label "EDX analysis"@en ; "EDS"@en , "Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy"@en ; "An analysis that determines elemental composition from characteristic X-rays excited by an electron beam"@en . :Ethanol rdfs:comment "A primary aliphatic alcohol (C2H5OH), volatile and miscible with water; widely used as a laboratory solvent and processing medium"@en ; rdfs:label "Ethanol"@en ; "The primary aliphatic alcohol C2H5OH, used as a solvent, reactant, and pore liquid in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :FTIRSpectroscopy rdfs:comment "Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, used to verify siloxane network formation, silylation (Si-CH3 bands), and residual organics; performed on a pmat:FTIRSpectrometer (the device class already present in Polymat)"@en ; rdfs:label "FTIR spectroscopy"@en ; "FTIR"@en , "Infrared spectroscopy"@en ; "An analysis that records the infrared absorption spectrum of a sample by Fourier-transform interferometry"@en . :Formaldehyde rdfs:comment "Formaldehyde (HCHO, usually as aqueous formalin), the cross-linking aldehyde of resorcinol-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and melamine-formaldehyde aerogel chemistries"@en ; rdfs:label "Formaldehyde"@en ; "The aldehyde HCHO, used as the condensation partner in phenolic and amino resin aerogel syntheses"@en ; . :Formamide rdfs:comment "Formamide (HCONH2), the classic drying control chemical additive (DCCA) that narrows the pore size distribution and reduces cracking during drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Formamide"@en ; "The amide HCONH2, used as a drying control chemical additive in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :Furfural rdfs:comment "Furfural, a biomass-derived aldehyde used in phenol-furfural and tannin-furfural organic and carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Furfural"@en ; "The furan aldehyde used as a bio-based condensation partner in organic aerogel syntheses"@en ; . :GPTMS rdfs:comment "(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS), an epoxy-functional silica precursor and coupling agent for organic-inorganic hybrid aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane"@en ; "GLYMO"@en , "GPTMS"@en ; "The epoxy-functional silicon alkoxide used as a coupling agent and hybrid network precursor in sol-gel processing"@en . :Gelatin rdfs:comment "Gelatin, the protein derived from collagen, thermally gelled to form protein-based bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Gelatin"@en ; "The collagen-derived protein used as a thermally gelling bio-aerogel precursor"@en ; . :Glycerol rdfs:comment "Glycerol (glycerine), a triol used as drying control chemical additive (DCCA) and plasticiser in sol-gel and bio-aerogel processing"@en ; rdfs:label "Glycerol"@en ; "Glycerine"@en ; "The triol C3H8O3, used as a drying control chemical additive and plasticiser"@en ; . :GrapheneOxide rdfs:comment "Graphene oxide (GO) sheets, used as reinforcement and functional filler, and as the precursor of reduced-graphene-oxide (rGO) aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Graphene oxide"@en ; "GO"@en ; "Oxidised graphene sheets used as filler, reinforcement, or network former in carbon-based aerogels"@en ; . :Heptane rdfs:comment "n-Heptane, a low-surface-tension alkane used as exchange solvent before ambient pressure drying, analogous to n-hexane but less volatile"@en ; rdfs:label "n-Heptane"@en ; "Heptane"@en ; "The alkane C7H16, used as a low-surface-tension exchange solvent prior to ambient pressure drying"@en ; . :Hexamethyldisilazane rdfs:comment "Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS, CAS 999-97-3): a milder silylating agent than TMCS that reacts with silanol groups producing trimethylsilyl-protected surfaces and ammonia as by-product"@en , "PubChem CID 68519 (hexamethyldisilazane, CAS 999-97-3)"@en ; rdfs:label "Hexamethyldisilazane"@en ; "Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine"@en , "HMDS"@en ; ; "A mild silylating agent (CAS 999-97-3) that reacts with surface silanol groups to install trimethylsilyl groups with ammonia as by-product; preferred over TMCS where HCl by-product is undesirable"@en . :Hexane rdfs:comment "n-Hexane, a low-surface-tension alkane used as the final exchange solvent before ambient pressure drying of silylated gels"@en ; rdfs:label "n-Hexane"@en ; "Hexane"@en ; "The alkane C6H14, used as a low-surface-tension exchange solvent prior to ambient pressure drying"@en ; . :HydrofluoricAcid rdfs:comment "Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a fluoride catalyst that strongly accelerates condensation of silica sols; acts mechanistically like a nucleophilic (base-type) catalyst despite being an acid"@en ; rdfs:label "Hydrofluoric acid"@en ; "HF"@en ; ; "The aqueous acid HF, used as a fluoride-mediated condensation catalyst in silica sol-gel processing"@en . :Isopropanol rdfs:comment "Isopropanol (2-propanol, IPA), a common solvent-exchange medium and pore liquid in aerogel processing"@en ; rdfs:label "Isopropanol"@en ; "2-Propanol"@en , "IPA"@en , "Isopropyl alcohol"@en ; "The secondary alcohol (CH3)2CHOH, used as a solvent and exchange medium in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :LaserFlash rdfs:comment "Laser flash analysis: a light pulse heats one face of a disc specimen and the rear-face temperature transient yields thermal diffusivity, from which conductivity is computed with density and heat capacity"@en ; rdfs:label "Laser flash analysis"@en ; "LFA"@en ; "A transient method that determines thermal diffusivity from the rear-face temperature response to a light pulse"@en . :Lignin rdfs:comment "Lignin, the aromatic biopolymer by-product of pulping, used as a bio-based phenolic precursor (usually blended with resorcinol or phenol) for organic and carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Lignin"@en ; "The aromatic plant biopolymer used as a bio-based phenolic precursor in organic aerogel syntheses"@en ; . :MTES rdfs:comment "Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES, CH3Si(OC2H5)3), an organosilica precursor bearing one methyl group; used as co-precursor with TEOS to introduce hydrophobicity"@en ; rdfs:label "Methyltriethoxysilane"@en ; "MTES"@en ; "The silicon alkoxide CH3Si(OC2H5)3 with one non-hydrolysable methyl group, used to produce hydrophobic organosilica networks"@en . :MTMS rdfs:comment "Trimethoxymethylsilane (MTMS, CAS 1185-55-3): an organosilica precursor bearing one methyl group, used to produce hydrophobic methylsilica (organosilica) aerogels via the sol-gel route"@en ; rdfs:label "Trimethoxymethylsilane"@en ; "MTMS"@en , "Methyltrimethoxysilane"@en ; "A silicon alkoxide precursor with one Si–CH₃ group and three Si–OCH₃ groups, yielding aerogel networks with pendant methyl groups that confer hydrophobicity"@en . :Melamine rdfs:comment "Melamine, the triamine monomer of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) aerogels and a nitrogen source for N-doped carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Melamine"@en ; "The triazine triamine used with formaldehyde as the precursor pair of MF aerogels"@en ; . :MercuryIntrusionPorosimetry rdfs:comment "Determination of macro- and mesopore size distribution by pressurised mercury intrusion; note that compressible aerogels are often crushed rather than intruded, so results need careful interpretation"@en ; rdfs:label "Mercury intrusion porosimetry"@en ; "MIP"@en ; "A porosity measurement in which mercury is forced into the pores of a material under increasing pressure to determine pore volume and size distribution"@en . :Methanol rdfs:comment "The simplest alcohol (CH3OH), commonly used as a solvent and reactant in sol-gel chemistry. Methanol can serve as a pore liquid in alcogels and as a solvent exchange medium prior to supercritical drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Methanol"@en ; "The simplest alcohol, CH3OH, used as a solvent, reactant, and pore liquid in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :Nanocellulose rdfs:comment "Nanoscale cellulose - cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) - used as precursor and as reinforcement in bio-based and composite aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Nanocellulose"@en ; "CNC"@en , "CNF"@en , "Cellulose nanocrystal"@en , "Cellulose nanofibril"@en ; ; "Cellulose in nanofibrillar or nanocrystalline form, used as network former or reinforcement in aerogels"@en . :NitricAcid rdfs:comment "Nitric acid (HNO3), a strong mineral acid used as hydrolysis catalyst in silica and metal oxide sol-gel synthesis"@en ; rdfs:label "Nitric acid"@en ; "The strong mineral acid HNO3, used as an acid catalyst in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :Nitrogen rdfs:comment "Nitrogen gas (N2), the standard inert pyrolysis and calcination atmosphere and the standard adsorbate of BET/BJH physisorption at 77 K"@en ; rdfs:label "Nitrogen"@en ; "N2"@en ; "The diatomic gas N2, used as inert process atmosphere and physisorption adsorbate"@en ; . :OxalicAcid rdfs:comment "Oxalic acid ((COOH)2), a dicarboxylic acid used as mild hydrolysis catalyst, particularly in MTMS-based and two-step syntheses"@en ; rdfs:label "Oxalic acid"@en ; "The dicarboxylic acid (COOH)2, used as a weak acid catalyst in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :PEDS rdfs:comment "Polyethoxydisiloxane (PEDS), a pre-polymerised (partially hydrolysed and condensed) TEOS oligomer sold as an ethanolic solution; a common industrial silica precursor with reproducible reactivity"@en ; rdfs:label "Polyethoxydisiloxane"@en ; "PEDS"@en , "Pre-polymerised TEOS"@en ; "A partially hydrolysed and condensed oligomeric ethoxysiloxane used as a pre-polymerised silica precursor"@en . :Pectin rdfs:comment "Pectin, the galacturonic-acid-rich plant polysaccharide, gelled ionically or by acid to form pectin bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Pectin"@en ; "The plant polysaccharide rich in galacturonic acid, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en ; . :Phenol rdfs:comment "Phenol (C6H5OH), used with formaldehyde in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) organic and carbon aerogels as a lower-cost alternative to resorcinol"@en ; rdfs:label "Phenol"@en ; "The aromatic alcohol C6H5OH, used with formaldehyde as the precursor pair of PF aerogels"@en ; . :Resorcinol rdfs:comment "Resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene), the standard phenolic monomer of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) organic and carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Resorcinol"@en ; "The phenolic compound benzene-1,3-diol, used with formaldehyde as the precursor pair of RF aerogels"@en ; . :SANS rdfs:comment "Small-angle neutron scattering; complements SAXS with contrast-variation capability for multi-phase and hydrogenous aerogel systems"@en ; rdfs:label "Small-angle neutron scattering"@en ; "SANS"@en ; "An analysis that measures elastic neutron scattering at small angles to characterise nanostructure of a material"@en . :SAXS rdfs:comment "Small-angle X-ray scattering; yields fractal dimensions (gmat:MassFractalDimension, gmat:SurfaceFractalDimension), Porod exponent, correlation length, and primary particle size of aerogel networks"@en ; rdfs:label "Small-angle X-ray scattering"@en ; "SAXS"@en ; "An analysis that measures elastic X-ray scattering at small angles to characterise nanostructure (fractal scaling, particle and cluster sizes) of a material"@en . :SodiumCarbonate rdfs:comment "Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), a mild base used as the classic catalyst of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel synthesis (the R/C ratio refers to it)"@en ; rdfs:label "Sodium carbonate"@en ; "Soda ash"@en ; "The mild base Na2CO3, used as the standard catalyst in RF organic aerogel synthesis"@en ; . :SodiumHydroxide rdfs:comment "Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base used as condensation catalyst and for pH adjustment, e.g. in water-glass silica routes and chitosan gelation"@en ; rdfs:label "Sodium hydroxide"@en ; "Caustic soda"@en ; "The strong base NaOH, used as a base catalyst and pH adjuster in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :SodiumSilicate rdfs:comment "Aqueous sodium silicate (water glass, Na2O·nSiO2), the industrial low-cost silica precursor; requires ion exchange (gmat:IonExchange) or acid neutralisation to remove sodium ions before gelation"@en ; rdfs:label "Sodium silicate"@en ; "Water glass"@en , "Waterglass"@en ; "The sodium salt of silicic acid (Na2O·nSiO2), used in aqueous solution as a low-cost silica precursor"@en ; . :Starch rdfs:comment "Starch, the amylose/amylopectin polysaccharide, gelatinised and retrograded to form starch bio-aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Starch"@en ; "The plant storage polysaccharide of amylose and amylopectin, used as a bio-aerogel precursor"@en ; . :SupercriticalCO2 rdfs:comment "Carbon dioxide in supercritical state (above 31.1°C and 72.9 bar), commonly used for aerogel drying. The plain gas is modelled separately as gmat:CarbonDioxide; this class denotes the supercritical state of that substance"@en ; rdfs:label "Supercritical CO2"@en ; "Carbon dioxide in the supercritical state, used as a low-surface-tension drying medium in supercritical drying of gels"@en ; . :TEMImaging rdfs:comment "Transmission electron microscopy imaging of the primary particle and pore network structure; performed on a pmat:TransmissionElectronMicroscope"@en ; rdfs:label "TEM imaging"@en ; "Transmission electron microscopy"@en ; "An analysis that images the nanostructure of a thin specimen by transmission of an electron beam"@en . :TMOS rdfs:comment "Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS, Si(OCH3)4), a fast-hydrolysing silica precursor; yields finer networks than TEOS but releases toxic methanol"@en ; rdfs:label "Tetramethoxysilane"@en ; "TMOS"@en , "Tetramethyl orthosilicate"@en ; "The silicon alkoxide Si(OCH3)4, a rapidly hydrolysing silica precursor for sol-gel processing"@en . :Tannin rdfs:comment "Condensed or hydrolysable plant tannins, bio-based polyphenols used with formaldehyde or furfural as low-cost precursors of tannin-based organic and carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Tannin"@en ; "A plant-derived polyphenol used as a bio-based phenolic precursor in organic aerogel syntheses"@en ; . :Tetraethoxysilane rdfs:comment "Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, Si(OC2H5)4) is a silicon alkoxide used as a silica precursor in hydrolysis–condensation (sol–gel) processes"@en ; rdfs:label "Tetraethoxysilane"@en ; "The silicon alkoxide Si(OC2H5)4 (TEOS), a widely used silica precursor that undergoes hydrolysis and condensation in sol-gel processing"@en . :ThermogravimetricAnalysis rdfs:comment "Measurement of sample mass as a function of temperature, used for thermal stability, organic content, and decomposition behaviour of aerogels; performed on a pmat:ThermogravimetricAnalyzer"@en ; rdfs:label "Thermogravimetric analysis"@en ; "TGA"@en ; "An analysis that records the mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time under a controlled atmosphere"@en . :TitaniumIsopropoxide rdfs:comment "Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP, Ti(OiPr)4), the standard alkoxide precursor for titania aerogels; hydrolyses very rapidly and usually requires chelating agents or acid moderation"@en ; rdfs:label "Titanium isopropoxide"@en ; "TTIP"@en , "Titanium(IV) isopropoxide"@en ; "The titanium alkoxide Ti(OC3H7)4, used as a precursor for titania gels"@en . :Trimethylchlorosilane rdfs:comment "PubChem CID 11636 (trimethylchlorosilane, CAS 75-77-4)"@en , "Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS, CAS 75-77-4): a reactive chlorosilane that reacts with surface silanol groups to introduce hydrophobic trimethylsilyl groups, enabling ambient pressure drying"@en ; rdfs:label "Trimethylchlorosilane"@en ; "Chlorotrimethylsilane"@en , "TMCS"@en ; ; "A chlorosilane silylating agent that converts hydrophilic surface silanols to hydrophobic trimethylsilyl groups, enabling ambient pressure drying without pore collapse"@en . :Urea rdfs:comment "Urea (CO(NH2)2), used for in-situ base generation (thermal hydrolysis to ammonia) in one-pot MTMS/TMOS syntheses and as nitrogen source for N-doped carbon aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Urea"@en ; "The diamide CO(NH2)2, used for in-situ base generation and as a co-monomer in sol-gel processing"@en ; . :VTMS rdfs:comment "Vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS, CH2=CHSi(OCH3)3), an organosilica precursor bearing a polymerisable vinyl group; used for vinyl-functional and double-network aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Vinyltrimethoxysilane"@en ; "VTMS"@en ; "The silicon alkoxide CH2=CHSi(OCH3)3 carrying a vinyl group, used as a functional silica co-precursor"@en . :XPSAnalysis rdfs:comment "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quantifying surface elemental composition and oxidation states, e.g. of doped carbon or hybrid aerogel surfaces"@en ; rdfs:label "XPS analysis"@en ; "X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy"@en ; "An analysis that measures the kinetic energy of X-ray-excited photoelectrons to determine surface composition and chemical states"@en . :XRayDiffraction rdfs:comment "Wide-angle X-ray diffraction, used to establish the amorphous or crystalline state of aerogels and the phase of metal oxide aerogels (e.g. anatase vs rutile titania)"@en ; rdfs:label "X-ray diffraction"@en ; "XRD"@en ; "An analysis that measures Bragg diffraction of X-rays to identify crystalline phases and crystallite sizes"@en . :ZirconiumPropoxide rdfs:comment "Zirconium(IV) n-propoxide (Zr(OnPr)4, typically supplied in n-propanol), the standard alkoxide precursor for zirconia aerogels"@en ; rdfs:label "Zirconium n-propoxide"@en ; "Zirconium(IV) propoxide"@en ; "The zirconium alkoxide Zr(OC3H7)4, used as a precursor for zirconia gels"@en . ################################################################# # General axioms ################################################################# [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Acetone :Alcohol :Water ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Aerogel :Ambigel :Cryogel :WetGel :Xerogel ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :AerogelSynthesis :Aging :Gelation :SolFormation ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :AmbientPressureDrying :FreezeDrying :MicrowaveDrying :SupercriticalDrying :VacuumDrying ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Beads :DogBone :Monolith :Slabs ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :BulkDensity :SkeletalDensity :TapDensity ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :CompressionTesting :HydrophobicityTesting :OpticalTransmittanceMeasurement :SkeletalDensityMeasurement :ThermalConductivityTesting ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Cracking :IncompleteDrying :NonuniformStructure :Opacity :StructuralCollapse ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :Density :Duration :ParticleSize :PoreVolume :SurfaceArea :VolumetricFlowRate ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :ExchangeRatio :MolarRatio :PHCondition :PressureProfile :StirringRate :TemperatureProfile :VolumeRatio ) ] . [ rdf:type owl:AllDisjointClasses ; owl:members ( :FreezeDryer :Oven :SupercriticalDryer ) ] . ### Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/